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To investigate the trends of the disease burden attributable to high body mass index (BMI) globally and in China from 1990 to 2021, to provide evidence for obesity prevention and control strategies.
Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, data on high BMI-related deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rates, and age-standardized DALYs rates globally and in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted. The Joinpoint software was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of age-standardized mortality rates and DALYs. Disease burden ranking were performed using the GBD Compare tool.
Globally, deaths attributable to high BMI increased from 1.4595 million to 3.7091 million (increase of 154.13%, AAPC=0.29%, P<0.001); in China, from 0.1420 million to 0.5756 million (increase of 305.23%, AAPC=1.12%, P<0.001). Males showed higher increases than in females in both. Globally, the number of DALYs increased from 48.0421 million person-years to 128.5201 million person-years (increase of 167.52%), while in China, it increased from 5.4339 million person-years to 20.8652 million person-years (increase of 283.9%). For China, the top five diseases for mortality rates and DALYs rates attributable to high BMI were ischemic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. Alzheimer's disease showed an AAPC of 9.87% (P<0.001) for age-standardized mortality rate, rising from the 17th to the 6th place.
From 1990 to 2021, disease burden attributable to high BMI significantly increased globally and in China, with China’s growth rate far exceeding the global average. Comprehensive life-cycle obesity prevention and control should be strengthened, with special focus on high-burden diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers. New directions for prevention and control of stroke and Alzheimer’s disease should be emphasized.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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