To analyze the effect of conbercept ophthalmic injection on aqueous humor glucose (AHG) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in elderly patients with diabetes retinopathy (DR) and vitreous hemorrhage, and the correlation with blood glucose.

A total of 80 elderly patients with DR and vitreous hemorrhage were selected as the study subjects. All of them received intravitreal injection of 0.05 mL of conbercept ophthalmic injection for 7 consecutive days, and then underwent vitrectomy. They were divided into the standard reaching group and the non-standard reaching group according to whether blood glucose control met the standard. The changes in ocular signs and visual recovery indicators [central macular thickness (CMT), hemorrhagic spot area and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA)], aqueous humor AHG, VEGF, inflammatory factors [interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] and blood glucose before and after conbercept ophthalmic injection treatment were compared between groups. Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between AHG, VEGF and blood glucose level. Logistic regression method was used to identify the independent influencing factors of inadequate blood glucose control.

49 patients were included in the standard reaching group, and 31 patients were included in the non-standard reaching group. After treatment, the CMT values of standard reaching and the non-standard reaching groups were (215.63±22.45) and (254.68±26.73) μm, respectively; the bleeding spot areas were (1.18±0.14) and (1.46±0.17) mm², respectively; the BCVA values were 0.85±0.07 and 0.71±0.08, respectively; the AHG values for aqueous humor were (4.68±0.54) and (6.27±0.65) mmol·L^-1, respectively; VEGF levels were (121.46±13.65) and (158.72±16.39) pg·mL^-1, respectively; IL-6 levels were (18.13±1.89) and (19.44±2.31) pg·mL^-1, respectively; TNF-α levels were (6.73±0.75) and (7.16±0.73) pg·mL^-1, respectively; the blood glucose levels were (5.16±0.57) and (7.22±0.78) mmol·L^-1, respectively; the above indicators of standard reaching group were compared with those of the non-standard reaching group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis found that the levels of aqueous humor AHG, VEGF, IL-6 and TNF-α were positively correlated with blood glucose levels in elderly patients with DR and vitreous hemorrhage (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that aqueous humor AHG, VEGF, and IL-6 were independent risk factors for inadequate blood glucose control in elderly patients with DR and vitreous hemorrhage (P<0.05).

After conbercept ophthalmic injection treatment, there are significant differences in the levels of AHG and VEGF in elderly patients with DR and vitreous hemorrhage, and visual acuity is restored. Moreover, AHG and VEGF are positively correlated with blood glucose. Monitoring them can assist in efficacy evaluation.