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To investigate the inhibition of NG108-15 cells proliferation by Xanthohumol (XN) and its effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and cell cycle.
NG108-15 cells were divided into control group (conventional culture), experimental-L group, experimental-M group, experimental-H group (20, 40, and 60 μmol·L-1 XN), NAC combined with XN experimental group [10 μmol·L-1 N-acetylcysteine (NAC)+40 μmol·L-1 XN] and ERK inhabitor combined with XN experimental group (20 μmol·L-1 ERK inhibitor PD98059+40 μmol·L-1 XN). Cell proliferation capacity was detected by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and trypan blue staining assay; ROS levels were detected by ROS kit; cell cycle and apoptosis levels were detected by flow cytometry; protein relative expression levels of ERK, p-ERK and Caspase 3 were detected by Western blot.
The cell proliferation activities of the control group and the experimental-L group, experimental-M group and experimental-H group were (99.89±1.52)%, (87.57±6.23)%, (51.96±3.08)% and (37.11±1.57)%, respectively; the cell death rates were (4.65±1.57)%, (15.54±1.94)%, (41.06±2.77)% and (65.22±5.81)%, respectively; the average fluorescence intensities of ROS in the control group, the experimental-M group and the NAC combined with XN experimental group were 176.51±25.17, 716.48±95.15 and 543.80±48.91. The relative expression levels of p-ERK protein in the control group, the experimental-M group, and the ERK inhibitor combined with XN experimental group were 0.54±0.04, 1.13±0.18 and 0.31±0.33; the proportions of G2 phase cells were (15.56±1.43)%, (20.31±2.17)% and (16.14±0.81)%, respectively. Compared with the control group, the above indicators in the experimental-L, -M, -H groups showed statistically significant differences (all P<0.001). Compared with the experimental-M group, the control group and the NAC combined with XN experimental group showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). Compared with the experimental-M group, the ERK inhibitor combined with XN experimental group showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001).
Xanthohumol demonstrates potent inhibition of NG108-15 cells proliferation, with its molecular mechanism likely involving G2/M phase cell cycle arrest through ROS upregulation and activation of the ERK signaling pathway.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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