To observe the clinical efficacy of nilapalil toluene sulfonate capsules, bevacizumab injection, and their combination therapy for ovarian cancer, and to assess their impact on serum biomarkers and ovarian blood flow parameters.

Ovarian cancer patients were divided into three groups according to a cohort methods: Control A group, control B group, and combined group. Control A group received nilapalil toluene sulfonate capsules, 300 mg once daily for 21 days per cycle. Control B group received bevacizumab injection 7.5 mg·kg^-1, administered every 3 days for 21 days per cycle. The combined group received both nilapalil toluene sulfonate capsules and bevacizumab injection following the same regimen as the control groups. All groups underwent 4 cycles of treatment. Clinical efficacy, serum tumor biomarkers, ovarian blood flow parameters, adverse drug reactions, and patient survival were compared across the three groups.

A total of 31 patients in control A group, 28 patients in control B group, and 41 patients in the combined group were included. After treatment, the total effective rates for control A group, control B group, and the combined group were 70.97% (22 cases/31 cases), 71.43% (20 cases /28 cases) and 92.68% (38 cases /41 cases), respectively. The combined group showed a significantly higher effective rate compared to both control A group and control B group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in control A group, control B group, and the combined group were (15.26±2.33), (14.89±2.34) and (9.74±1.21) μg·L^-1, respectively; and the pulsatility index (PI) were 1.35±0.24, 1.39±0.21 and 1.82±0.32, respectively. The combined group showed significant differences in these parameters compared to both control A group and control B group (all P<0.05). Adverse drug reactions in control A group mainly included gastrointestinal reactions, hair loss, and proteinuria; control B group had gastrointestinal reactions, hair loss, and muscle pain; and the combined group experienced gastrointestinal reactions, hair loss, proteinuria, and muscle pain. The overall adverse drug reaction rates in control A group, control B group, and the combined group were 25.81% (8 cases /31 cases), 25.00% (7 cases /28 cases) and 26.38% (11 cases /41 cases), respectively, with no significant difference between the groups (all P>0.05). After 12 months of follow-up, the survival rates for control A group, control B group, and the combined group were 70.97% (22 cases /31 cases), 67.86% (19 cases /28 cases) and 90.24% (37 cases /41 cases), respectively. The survival rate of the combined group was significantly higher than that of control A group and control B group (all P<0.05).

The combination of nilapalil toluene sulfonate capsules and bevacizumab injection in the treatment of ovarian cancer effectively reduces serum biomarker levels, improves ovarian blood flow parameters, has a low incidence of adverse drug reactions, high safety, and significantly improves patient survival.