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To investigate the protective effects of monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonatal rats based on the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway.
Twenty-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into model group, sham group and experimental group, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in model group and experimental group were lapped with left common carotid artery and placed in anoxic chamber with a certain oxygen to nitrogen ratio (8∶92) for 2 h to construct HIBD model. After the successful construction of the model, the experimental group was intraperitoneally injected with 20 mg·kg-1·d-1GM1, and the model group and sham group were injected with 0.9 % NaCl (0.25 mL·kg-1). The modified neurological severity score (mNSS) was used to evaluate the degree of neurological damage in the treated rats. Cerebral infarction was detected by 2,3,5-triphenyte-trazoliumchloride staining method; cerebral water content was determined by wet and dry weight method; cognitive ability was assessed by Morris water maze test; apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling; inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; UCH-L1 and BDNF protein levels were detected by Western blot.
After different treatments, the mNSS scores of sham group, model group and experimental group were (0.10±0.02), (2.60±0.45) and (1.50±0.20) points; the cerebral infarction rates were (0.89±0.11)%, (32.56±4.12)% and (18.56±2.52)%; the cerebral water content were (68.25±7.05)%, (88.87±9.26)% and (71.11±8.11)%; the latent period were (22.60±2.86), (38.60±4.11) and (25.50±3.33) s; the platform residence time were (125.50±17.68), (80.60±9.68) and (115.80±13.89) s; the platform crossing times were (2.80±0.35), (0.70±0.09) and (1.80±0.30) times; the apoptosis rates were (6.65±0.74)%, (21.88±3.05)% and (13.62±2.62)%; the tumor necrosis factor-α levels were (30.05±3.85), (121.61±18.85) and (82.14±11.65) pg·mL-1; the levels of interleukin-1 beta were (92.55±12.15), (321.25±41.24) and (212.32±25.61) pg·mL-1; interleukin-6 levels were (184.32±20.54), (275.62±31.12) and (208.65±22.65) pg·mL-1; UCH-L1 protein levels were 1.00±0.22, 1.75±0.34 and 1.40±0.28; BDNF protein levels were 1.00±0.21, 1.68±0.38 and 2.54±0.41. There were statistically significant differences between sham group and model group (P<0.01, P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences between model group and experimental group (P<0.05, P<0.001).
GM1 can improve nerve cell apoptosis and inflammatory response by activating UCH-L1/BDNF signaling pathway, and play a protective role in neonatal rat HIBD.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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