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Virus are one of the main pathogens that cause many serious diseases in humans, animals and plants. Antivirals are a class of drugs specifically used to treat viral infections. Although different virus replicate in different ways, infecting the human body has several stages in common, including entry, biosynthesis, assembly, and release. Virus of the same genus are highly similar in protein structure and sequence, so they can be used as common targets for antiviral drug development. This article reviews the processes of viral infection in humans and the targeted antiviral drugs designed for these processes, including inhibitors targeting the surface subunit (SfS) and transmembrane subunit (TmS) of viral enveloped glycoprotein, viral entry inhibitors targeting host proteins, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and RNA/DNA-dependent DNA polymerase inhibitors and virus protease inhibitors, in order to provide clues for the development of antiviral drugs for future epidemics.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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