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Enhancing the effectiveness of drug regulation and optimizing resource allocation represent core strategies for advancing drug regulatory modernization. To evaluate the efficiency of drug safety regulation in China during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period (2021–2024), analyze the alignment between regulatory resource allocation and output outcomes, identify trends in efficiency changes and regional disparities, and provide recommendations for optimizing the drug regulatory system by bridging the achievements of the “14th Five-Year Plan” with the developmental needs of the “15th Five-Year Plan”.
Data on drug safety regulatory inputs and outputs from 2021 to 2024 were collected. The super-efficiency SBM (slack-based measure) model and Malmquist index were used to measure and analyze drug safety regulatory efficiency across nine provinces in seven administrative regions.
Significant interprovincial efficiency variations were observed. Liaoning maintained consistently high efficiency, Guangdong showed steady improvement, while Shanghai remained persistently low. Slack variable analysis revealed notable input redundancy and output insufficiency in Beijing and Shanghai. Dynamically, only Guangdong, Guangxi, and Shanxi achieved positive growth in total factor productivity (TFP), primarily driven by technological progress (TC>1). In contrast, regions such as Hunan and Guizhou experienced TFP decline due to decreased technical efficiency (EC<1), highlighting significant regional and technological imbalances in the process of improving regulatory effectiveness.
During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, the efficiency of drug safety regulation in China has seen overall improvement compared to the “13th Five-Year Plan” period. However, challenges such as regional imbalances, lagging pure technical efficiency, and diminishing returns on scale allocation remain. It is essential to advance the transformation of the drug regulatory system toward precision and intelligence, strengthen the development of regulatory talent, and ensure the alignment of regulatory resources with industrial distribution.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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