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Osteoporosis (OP) is a severe skeletal system disease that endangers human physical and mental health, characterized primarily by decreased bone mineral density, impaired bone tissue quality, disrupted bone microstructure and reduced bone mechanical strength. The pathogenesis of OP involves multiple aspects, including impaired communication between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, dysregulated bone remodeling homeostasis, as well as angiogenesis disorders, chronic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress damage. Notably, the correlation between angiogenesis and osteogenesis exists throughout bone formation, the development and progression of OP, and fracture healing, serving as a key link in the regulation of bone metabolism. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has demonstrated remarkable advantages and definite curative effects in the prevention and treatment of OP. Commonly used Chinese medicinal monomer in clinical practice can promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts through multiple pathways and targets, enhance the angiogenic capacity of osteogenic tissue, improve blood supply to bone tissue, and thereby increase bone mineral density, which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of OP. This paper systematically reviews the recent research progress on Chinese medicinal monomer in the treatment of OP, aiming to explore new diagnostic and therapeutic ideas and practical approaches for the prevention and treatment of this disease with TCM.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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