To investigate the effect of daratumumab on the levels of serum micro ribonucleic acid (miR) miR-140-5p, miR-17-3p and miR-29c in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).

In this study, 92 RRMM patients included in the study were divided into control and study groups by random number table method, 46 cases in each group. All cases were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from January 2022 to January 2025. The control group was treated with VRD regimen (bortezomib, dexamethasone, lenalidomide), and the study group was treated with DVD regimen (daratumumab, bortezomib, dexamethasone). Both groups were treated for 21 d as a course of treatment, a total of 4 courses of treatment. The efficacy after 4 course of treatment, T lymphocyte subsets, inflammation-related indicators, serum miR-140-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-29c levels before and after 4 course of treatment, and safety were compared between the two groups.

Compared with the control group (65.22%), the total remission rate (84.78%) of the study group after 4 course of treatment was higher (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the levels of peripheral blood CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺ and serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ), miR-140-5p and miR-29c increased after 4 course of treatment in the two groups, and the study group were higher; the levels of peripheral blood CD8⁺, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and miR-17-3p decreased, and the study group were lower (all P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of safety (P>0.05).

Daratumumab could effectively regulate T lymphocyte subsets, inflammation-related indicators and serum levels of miR-140-5p, miR-17-3p and miR-29c in RRMM patients, improve the immune function of the body, reduce the inflammatory response of the body. The curative effect was significant and the safety was good.