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The prevention and treatment of perioperative myocardial injury primarily rely on hemodynamic management and conventional cardiovascular medications, yet limitations remain, such as constraints in intervention timing, significant individual response variability, and the irreversible effects or notable adverse reactions associated with some drugs. As an ultra-short-acting, highly selective β1-receptor blocker, esmolol offers rapid onset, a short half-life, and precise controllability. It not only effectively stabilizes heart rate and blood pressure but may also exert myocardial protective effects through multiple pathways, including regulating myocardial oxygen supply-demand balance, suppressing inflammatory responses, and mitigating cellular apoptosis. This article reviews recent domestic and international studies, summarizing the mechanisms of perioperative myocardial injury, the myocardial protective effects of esmolol, and its potential molecular pathways. The aim is to provide new perspectives and a theoretical basis for optimizing perioperative cardiac protection strategies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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