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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative joint disease, primarily characterized by cartilage wear, degeneration and inflammatory responses. The pathological mechanisms mainly involve excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in synovial membranes causing oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory factors inducing inflammation and cartilage cell death. Ferroptosis, a distinct form of cellular death different from autophagy and apoptosis, has been shown to accelerate OA progression through iron deposition and lipid peroxidation. Enhanced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in OA-affected cartilage cells, combined with increased inflammatory responses, exacerbate cartilage damage. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), an antioxidant enzyme, inhibits oxidative stress to prevent ferroptosis and slow OA progression. Traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) natural products have gained prominence due to their unique therapeutic effects and broad-spectrum applications. These compounds have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against various diseases, thereby delaying OA progression. This research progress aims to investigate how TCM natural products regulate the GPX4 signaling pathway to mitigate cartilage cell ferroptosis and its impact on OA, exploring potential mechanisms that may provide novel strategies for clinical prevention and treatment of OA.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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