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Osteonrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is an intractable orthopaedic disease caused by insufficient blood supply to the femoral head. As a highly vascularised tissue, vascular microcirculatory dysfunction can lead to increased apoptosis of bone cells and inadequate blood supply to the femoral head. Vascular endothelial cells are the main constituent cells of the vascular wall, which are crucial for maintaining the normal state of blood vessels, when inflammation, oxidative stress and other risk factors cause vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, it can disrupt vascular homeostasis and normal blood flow to the bone tissue, leading to inhibition of angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling function, and ultimately resulting in necrosis due to insufficient osteogenesis and haematological transport to the femoral head. Traditional Chinese medicine can promote angiogenesis and reduce apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells by promoting the expression of vascular endothelial cytogenesis-related factors, and enhance the blood supply of the femoral head. Therefore, this article reviews the effects of vascular endothelial cell dysfunction on the blood supply of the femoral head and the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine in promoting angiogenesis, with a view to providing ideas for the treatment of ONFH.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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