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To develop a prognostic risk model for anoikis-related genes (ANRs) in bladder cancer, calculate risk scores, and analyze the relationship between bladder cancer patients with high and low risk scores and the tumor microenvironment.
Prognosis-related ANRs and clinically independent risk factors were screened by public database information and Cox regression analysis. Prognostic risk modeling was performed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis and column-line diagrams. Prognostic risk model accuracy was validated by kaplan-meier survival analysis and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve (AUC). The relationship between risk score and tumor microenvironment was explored by CIBERSORT (https://cibersortx.stanford.edu/) and single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA).
The prognostically relevant ANRs were B-lymphoblastoma-2-associated promoter (BAD), cell cycle protein-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 (CDKN3), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and the clinically independent risk factors were gender, age, clinical stage (T, N), and risk score. The prognostic risk model was expressed as risk score = (0.155 2×BAD expression) + (0.2286×CDKN3 expression) + (0.0114×PCNA expression) and column line graph. The lower the risk score the better the prognosis of bladder cancer patients, the AUC of the survival curves for 1, 3 and 5 years were 0.732, 0.620 and 0.541, respectively, and the column line graphs of the 1-, 3- and 5-year calibration curves almost corresponded diagonally, reflecting the accuracy of the model. The high and low risk groups of the prognostic risk model showed great differences in immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment of bladder cancer.
The established prognostic risk model for bladder cancer loss of apoptosis-related genes is highly accurate and can better assess the prognosis of bladder cancer patients, and bladder cancer patients with high and low risk scores are closely related to the tumor microenvironment.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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