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Research on target strength characteristics of the Orca extra-large unmanned underwater vehicle
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Ya HAO1, Xuan CHENG1, Yukun LI2, Fanchen ZHANG2, Jun FAN1, Zhixiong GONG*, 1
Chinese Journal of Ship Research | 2026, 21(2) : 77 - 88
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Chinese Journal of Ship Research | 2026, 21(2): 77-88
• Overall Design Technology of Unmanned Underwater Systems •
Research on target strength characteristics of the Orca extra-large unmanned underwater vehicle
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Ya HAO1, Xuan CHENG1, Yukun LI2, Fanchen ZHANG2, Jun FAN1, Zhixiong GONG*, 1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Ocean and Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  • 2Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute, Wuhan 430205, China
Published: 2026-04-30 doi: 10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.04599
Outline
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Objective

To investigate the acoustic target strength (TS) characteristics of extra-large unmanned underwater vehicles (XLUUVs), this study conducts a systematic analysis of the TS characteristics of the Orca XLUUV in the 1–10 kHz frequency band.

Method

Based on the Orca model, the finite element method is applied to calculate its TS in the 1–3 kHz frequency band, while the planar element method is employed for the 3–10 kHz band. The results are compared with those obtained from the Benchmark model. To provide a more comprehensive evaluation of unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) stealth performance, the concept of angular detection probability is introduced. Additionally, a scaled model experiment is conducted in a water tank, and a correction method is proposed for the experimental TS measurements.

Results

The TS characteristics of the Orca model are first analyzed. Compared with the Benchmark model, the Orca model exhibits superior stealth performance in the azimuthal direction, along with additional advantages in the circumferential direction at higher frequencies effects that become more pronounced as frequency increases. For experimental cases in which the distance between the hydrophone and transducer does not meet the far-field conditions, the measured TS values are corrected, yielding improved consistency with the simulation results. This validates the accuracy of the numerical simulation results.

Conclusion

The findings of this study provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing underwater detection systems and enhancing the stealth design of UUVs.

unmanned underwater vehicle  /  target strength  /  finite element method  /  planar element method  /  stealth performance  /  water tank measurement correction  /  angular detection probability
Ya HAO, Xuan CHENG, Yukun LI, Fanchen ZHANG, Jun FAN, Zhixiong GONG. Research on target strength characteristics of the Orca extra-large unmanned underwater vehicle[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2026 , 21 (2) : 77 -88 . DOI: 10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.04599
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Year 2026 volume 21 Issue 2
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Article Info
doi: 10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.04599
  • Receive Date：2025-06-07
  • Online Date：2026-05-20
  • Published：2026-04-30
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2025-06-07
  • Revised：2025-08-21
Affiliations
    1School of Ocean and Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
    2Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute, Wuhan 430205, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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