This study conducted a comprehensive life cycle assessment of the carbon footprint associated with the solidification/stabilization combined with barrier backfilling（SSB）technology through a typical heavy metal-contaminated site case in South China. Using the emission factor method and life cycle impact assessment approach, we quantified the environmental impacts across the entire remediation process. The results revealed that the SSB technology exhibited a carbon emission intensity of 0.190t CO₂/m³ contaminated soil. The most important carbon emission unit processes were primary treatment（33.7%）, site construction（32.7%）, and barrier backfilling（31.9%）. Material production emerged as the principal emission source, with concrete manufacturing contributing 51.9% and solidification/stabilization reagents accounting for 33.4% of total emissions. The comprehensive environmental impact score of this case reached 84.3kPt. The implementation process of risk control exerted the most significant human health impacts, which were primarily contributed by the formation of fine particulate matter during construction activities and the global warming potential.

To enhance the acid production efficiency of sludge anaerobic fermentation, based on the established evidence that the inclusion of syngas improved waste activated sludge（WAS）fermentation performance, this study investigated the effects of different chemical pretreatments combined with a syngas-mediated WAS fermentation system. The results showed that the free nitrous acid combined with peracetic acid（FNA/PAA）experimental group had the highest production of short-chain fatty acids（SCFAs）（（5520.20±204.99）mg COD/L）. However, the FNA/PAA group exhibited only 50.4% and 35.8% utilization rates for H₂ and CO, respectively. In contrast, the TAP group demonstrated efficient utilization of syngas, with H₂ and CO utilization rates reaching 99.8%and 95.8%, respectively. Moreover, the production of SCFAs in the TAP group achieved a significant level of（4663.67±163.86）mg COD/L. At the same time, the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum showed that TAP group had better extracellular polymer stripping and WAS lysis efficiency. TAP group also enhanced the enrichment of acid-producing functional bacteria in the anaerobic fermentation process, and significantly increased the abundance of Firmicutes to 59.0%. In addition, Romboutsia, which can metabolize acetic acid, ethanol and H₂, accounted for the highest proportion in alkali pretreatment（AP）and TAP groups（19.2% and 21.3%）.

The remediation effect of Robinia pseudoacacia L. intercropped with Solanum nigrum L. and Pteris vittate L. on Cd and As contaminated soil was studied through a pot experiment. The results showed that the intercropping of R. pseudoacacia L. could promote the growth and the uptake of Cd and As in S. nigrum L. and P. vittate L., and reduce the content of Cd and As in soil, as well as enhance soil enzyme activities. Compared with the monocultures of S. nigrum L. and P. vittate L., the whole biomass of S. nigrum L. and P. vittate L. was significantly enhanced（P<0.05）by 50.4% and 86.2% when intercropped with R. pseudoacacia L. Meanwhile, the contents of Cd and As in the leaves of S. nigrum L. were significantly enhanced（P<0.05）by 78.4% and 260.7%, respectively. The total accumulation of As in aboveground parts of all plants under the intercropping of R. pseudoacacia L. with S. nigrum L. and P. vittate L. was significantly enhanced（P<0.05）by 1.11 and 2.17 times compared with the monocultures of R. pseudoacacia L. or S. nigrum L., and the total accumulation of Cd was significantly enhanced（P<0.05）by 1.89 and 15.72 times compared with the monocultures of R. pseudoacacia L. or P. vittate L. Moreover, the contents of available Cd and As in soil under the intercropping of R. pseudoacacia L. with two hyperaccumulators were significantly reduced（P<0.05）by 23.6% and 17.0% compared with the control, respectively. Meanwhile, the contents of soil organic matter and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen were significantly enhanced（P<0.05）by 46.2%~83.2% and 18.5%~26.4% as compared with the monocultures, the activities of soil catalase was significantly enhanced（P<0.05）by 43.7%~53.0% compared with the monocultures of R. pseudoacacia L. or P. vittate L., the soil sucrase and urease activities were also significantly enhanced（P<0.05）by 11.5%~28.4% and 20.6%~36.4% compared with the monocultures of R. pseudoacacia L. and S. nigrum L., respectively. The results suggested that the intercropping of R. pseudoacacia L. with two different types of hyperaccumulator could effectively uptake and accumulate Cd and As to reduce the bioavailability of Cd and As in the contaminated soil, and effectively improve the soil environmental quality, which could be considered as a promising intercropping model for the simultaneous remediation of Cd and As contaminated soil in mining areas.

The adaptive resilience of microorganisms is crucial for maintaining the stable operation of Biotrickling filters under intermittent flow interruption. This process is intrinsically related to the ability of microorganism to store active substances as Extracellular Polymeric Substances（EPS）. To elucidate this mechanism, a comparative analysis was conducted on biofilm structural characteristics, EPS compositional variations, and functional group transformations during an operation cycle of Biotrickling filters. The correlation between EPS-mediated stress response mechanisms and microbial activity maintenance/recovery was investigated. The results revealed that the removal of COD and NH₄⁺-N reached（95.56±1.10）% and（87.06±2.08）% respectively in the biotrickling filter operated under intermittent flow. Under the regulation of EPS, the biofilm showed a loose and porous structure. During flow interruption phases, microorganisms activated starvation adaptation strategies by converting carbon sources adsorbed in SB-EPS and metabolizing polysaccharides stored in SB-EPS. The structure integrity of microorganisms was maintained via synergistic effects of hydrophobic functional groups within EPS and polymer bridging interactions. Accordingly, an EPS-mediated stress adaptation system responsive to starvation-recovery alternations was established, enabling sustainable operation of Biotrickling filters.

A self-drive weak electric strengthening constructed wetland（SECW）, which was renovated from a hybrid subsurface constructed wetland（HCW）based on ANAMMOX, was established in this study, and its operational performance was thoroughly investigated. Further, the microbial characteristics in the system during the steady operational period were explored, and the nitrogen transformation pathways were also analyzed and elucidated. The results showed that, prefabrication of electroactive biofilms and appropriate layout of the electrodes not only simultaneously enhanced electrode-dependent ammonium oxidation and cathodic denitrification in the SECW, but also significantly increased the abundance and activity of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in its substrate layer. Consequently, a multi-path nitrogen removal system based on ANAMMOX was formed in the device, thereby significantly improving the nitrogen removal performance of the SECW. When the electrode configuration was adopted as “double cathode-single anode” and the hydraulic loading rate（HLR）was 0.08m³/（m²·d）, the SECW exhibited optimal performance. Specifically, its COD, TP, TN, and NH₄⁺-N removal rates could reach up to（91.39±3.09）%,（93.64±1.15）%,（91.67±2.77）%, and（94.34±2.72）%, respectively. Additionally, the mean output voltage and power density of the system respectively maintained at（816.45±8.44）mV and 651.96W/m³.

To clarify the dissolution patterns of pathogenic microorganisms in rainwater runoff, a laboratory-simulated rainfall experiment was conducted to flush soil treated with earthworm castings. Propidium monoazide（PMA）combined with quantitative PCR（qPCR）was used to investigate changes in the abundance of viable fecal indicator bacteria（FIB）. The results exhibited that after rainfall, the concentrations of electrical conductivity, ammonia, nitrate, and total phosphorus（TP）in the mixed soil matrix decreased by 51.34%, 45.20%, 99.09%, and 26.22%, respectively. In runoff water, the concentrations of ammonia, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand（COD）exhibited a trend of initially rising and then falling, with peak values occurring within the first 15minutes. The qPCR quantification results for four fecal indicator bacteria—total coliforms（TC）, fecal coliforms（FC）, Escherichia coli（EC）, and Enterococcus spp（ES）—also displayed a similar trend of increasing and then decreasing. A significant positive correlation was found between the PMA-qPCR results and the culture method（Spearman r=0.723, P<0.001）. The fecal coliform counts in all runoff samples exceeded the limits specified in the "Surface Water Quality Standard"（40000CFU/L）. The study indicates that viable pathogenic microorganisms can be washed into water bodies through rainfall and are widely dispersed during initial runoff, increasing the risk of their environmental transmission.

To predict the long-term response of soil and surface water chemistry after the reduction in acid deposition, a dynamic MAGIC model combined with long-term monitoring data was conducted on a subtropical forest in Tieshanping, Chongqing, Southwest China. Under the “actual emission reduction” scenario based on China's “14th Five-Year Plan”（where the sulfur dioxide（SO₂）emissions remained at the 2020 level, and the nitrogen oxides（NO_x）and ammonia（NH₃）emissions were reduced by over 10%and 8%, respectively, by 2025）, the simulation results indicated that sulfate（SO₄²⁻）concentrations in soil water（S1and S2）and surface water（SW）initially increased, and stabilized after 2028 until 2050. The average SO₄²⁻ concentrations in S1, S2 and SW water from 2021 to 2050 were 1426, 1414, and 938µeq/L, respectively, which were still above the 1980levels. The decline of SO₄²⁻ concentrations in surface water was delayed by approximately 23 years. Soil water nitrate（NO₃⁻）concentrations showed a declining trend by 2050, but it remained above the threshold（443µeq/L）, whereas surface water NO₃⁻ concentrations had decreased below its threshold（411µeq/L）. The decline of NO₃⁻ concentrations in surface water was lagged approximately 13 years, compared to it in throughfall. Additionally, the concentrations of base cation（calcium, Ca²⁺）in both soil and surface water increased. The pH and Acid Neutralizing Capacity（ANC）in soil and surface water remained below their acidification thresholds. The acidification recovery showed a lag effect. The strong acidic anions in soil and surface water will decrease below their thresholds, pH will increase, and ANC will increase above 0µeq/L, when the stricter emission control policies were implemented, for example the SO₂ emissions decrease to 80% of 2021l evels by 2030 and 70% of 2021 levels by 2050, and the NH₃ emissions, NO_x emissions, and Ca²⁺ deposition decrease to 60% of 2021 levels by 2030 and 40% of 2021 levels by 2050. Moreover, further global temperature increases showed insignificant impact on the major strong acidic anions and acidification indicators in the highly acidic soils and surface waters of the subtropical forest.

We chose a petrochemical park in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei as the research target, and five representative sites were selected for sampling and analysis. 85 volatile organic compounds（VOCs）were detected and their impacts on the environment and health were evaluated. The results showed that the concentration of total volatile organic compounds（TVOCs）were 546.0~4472.2µg/m³, in which alkanes and alkenes were the dominant group, followed by aromatics and halocarbons. Compared with the diurnal variation of VOCs components at each site, the time of peak and valley values appearing were different, and the typical species were different. Additionally, OFP in the synthetic rubber area was the richest（13239.8µg/m³）. The contribution of alkenes to OFP was the highest（62.8%~90.5%）, followed by alkanes（3.8%~34.8%）and aromatics（2.2%~22.1%）. Otherwise, only the synthetic rubber area was polluted by odor, 1,3-butadiene（0.68）and n-hexane（0.30）were the main VOCs species that produced odor. Moreover, the health risk associated with each site was assessed by the US EPA method, indicating that the non-cancer risk of synthetic rubber and cancer risk of oil refining were higher than those of other sites.

Volatile organic compounds（VOCs）were identified as chemicals that caused odor pollution in cars. Nanostructured water ion（EWNS）technology was demonstrated to be capable of producing large amounts of hydroxyl radicals to degrade VOCs, though systematic research on odor VOC removal had not been conducted. In this study, VOCs components from 9cars were first analyzed offline using TD-GC-MS, and the main odor VOCs in actual car interiors were determined through the comprehensive scoring method. A mixture gas containing the average concentration ratio of detected odor VOCs was then introduced into the experimental vehicle, where degradation efficiency was evaluated using EWNS technology. Human health risk assessment was also performed. The results revealed that aliphatic compounds were detected most frequently（7species）in car interior VOCs, while aromatic compounds were found to have the highest detection rate and concentration. Through odor identification scoring, xylene, toluene, ethyl acetate, o-xylene, n-butanol, and hexanal were selected as representative odor VOCs. After EWNS treatment, significant removal effects were observed for all representative odor VOCs, with toluene removal rate being recorded at 92.8%. However, EWNS degradation efficiency was found to vary with placement locations in the vehicle, where better removal effects were achieved in rear positions compared to front positions, potentially associated with hydroxyl radical diffusion efficiency. Meanwhile, the carcinogenic risks of benzene and ethylbenzene were significantly reduced, transitioning from carcinogenic risk to risk-free status.

In this study, swine wastewater was treated using constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell（CW-MFC）technology. The pollutant removal efficiency, bioelectricity generation and microbial community structure were evaluated. The results showed that after treated the swine wastewater by the experimental system planted with umbrella grass（PCW-MFC）, the average removal efficiencies of NH₄⁺-N, TP and sulfadiazine（SDZ）were increased by approximately 5%, 10%, and 3% respectively, and the output voltage, coulombic efficiency, and maximum power density were recorded as 415.93mV, 49.10%, and 51.12mW/m³, respectively. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were increased by umbrella grass, which played a key role in pollutant removal and bioelectricity generation.