Based on the methodology of life cycle assessment（LCA）, the carbon footprint of the typical wind power system with generation and electricity storage（WPSGES）in China was calculated, so as to identify the reduction potential of carbon emission from life cycle stages. The results showed that the carbon footprint of WPSGES was 8.44gCO₂/（kW·h）, which mainly came from the manufacturing process by 6.25gCO₂/（kW·h）（74.05%）. Such processes as construction, operation, and end of life only contributed 1.04, 1.91 and -0.74gCO₂/（kW·h）, respectively. It was also confirmed that expanding the system boundary, including power generation and storage, could reduce gross carbon footprint of WPSGES.

To investigate the impact of density currents brought by the mainstream of Yangtze River on the distribution of dissolved CH₄ in its tributaries, three representative tributaries-Xiaojiang, Daning, and Shennong Rivers were selected as the study sites. Spatial measurements of dissolved methane（CH₄）concentrations in the surface water were conducted using a Fast-Response Automated Gas Equilibrator（FaRAGE）coupled with a greenhouse gas analyzer. The results were shown to vary in CH₄ concentrations among the tributaries, with average concentrations being（0.06±0.02）µmol/L in Xiaojiang,（0.17±0.12）µmol/L in Daning, and（0.16±0.14）µmol/L in Shennong Bays. The CH₄ concentrations in these three bays were also found to exhibit distinct spatial heterogeneities. In Xiaojiang Bay, a pattern was observed where high surface concentrations and low bottom concentrations were present in the midstream, while higher concentrations were found at the bottom compared to the surface in both the upstream and downstream areas. Comparable distribution patterns of CH₄ concentrations were noted in Daning Bay and Shennong Bay, characterized by higher concentrations upstream compared to downstream, and higher concentrations at the bottom layer relative to the surface layer. It was found that the distribution of dissolved CH₄ concentrations in the tributary bays was influenced by environmental factors. Furthermore, the density currents from the mainstream were not only found to dilute the dissolved CH₄ concentrations in the bays but also indirectly altered their distributions by influencing the hydrological and hydrodynamic processes within the tributary bays. The integrated effects revealed the complex dynamic processes of CH₄ production and consumption within the bay ecosystems, which were of great significance for understanding and predicting the greenhouse gas emissions from the bays of the Three Gorges Reservoir.

In order to quantitatively analyze the impact of inspection and enforcement on the autonomous acceptance system towards regional environmental qualities, 47870public administrative penalty cases of illegal autonomous acceptance from 2018 to 2023 have been collected. Correlation analysis has been conducted on simulated environmental qualities based on penalty cases with real regional environmental qualities on 13 provinces that had been national warned for bad environmental qualities. Research found a significant correlation between combined autonomous acceptance and general enforcement with environmental qualities. A goodness of fit at R²=0.8051was found when bringing the percentage of autonomous acceptance cases over all administrative penalty cases as the second variable besides average penalty frequency. Yet found no significant correlation between general environmental enforcement and environmental qualities. Therefore, it was suggested that the inspection and enforcement on autonomous acceptance system leveraged more impact on environmental qualities than general environmental inspection and enforcement. The case analysis found that there was no significant difference in the fine amount for cases of "fraud" in autonomous acceptance compared to other cases. Legal analysis has found that there was a certain degree of functional overlap between autonomous acceptance and Pollutant discharge permit system, but there were still significant differences between the two in terms of regulatory objects and regulatory content.

This study focused on the long-term AMD-contaminated paddy soils in the Dabaoshan mining area of Guangdong Province. The distribution characteristics of soil iron phases and iron-bound organic carbon were analysed, combining with high-throughput sequencing to examine the effects of AMD irrigation on soil organic carbon sequestration and the response of soil microbial community structure. The results indicated that: ① AMD irrigation led to soil acidification, with accumulation of iron, sulfur and heavy metals in paddy soils. The contents of TOC in paddy soils showed significant positive correlation with TFe, and OC_Fe. ② AMD irrigation resulted in decreases of soil microbial abundance and diversity. AMD irrigation led to a decrease in the relative abundance of Geobacter in paddy soils, whereas acid tolerant iron and/or sulfur metabolizing bacteria such as Thiobacillus and Thioifustis became the dominant bacteria in paddy soils with the most heavily AMD pollution. ③ RDA analysis identified Fe_p, TOC, and TFe were the most crucial factors influencing microbial community structure. In conclusion, AMD irrigation brought dissolved iron into paddy soils which was beneficial to soil organic carbon preservation. In addition, AMD irrigation resulted in the formation of microbial community structure that closely related to AMD pollution gradient, the form and content of iron and carbon.

Based on the high-density observation network of low-cost CO₂ analyzers deployed in Hangzhou, an analysis of CO₂ concentration spanning a complete one-year from April 2023 to March 2024 was conducted. The results showed that:（1）Under field observation conditions, low-cost instruments experience data gaps, with annual data collection rates at various stations ranging from 38.58% to 99.39%. The Mean Bias Error（MBE）for the two non-dispersive infrared（NDIR）instruments is（3.2±1.4）µmol/mol. Therefore, it is essential to enhance the data collection rate at stations when deploying high-density network.（2）Observation from NDIR-based low-cost instruments were highly sensitive to environmental variations, but could be effectively corrected by machine learning-based calibration schemes. After correction, the correlation coefficient R² between the network data and high-precision observation improved from 0.33 to 0.77, with the MBE of 1.2µmol/mol.（3）The high-density network of low-cost CO₂ analyzers was can effectively capture the spatio-temporal variability of CO₂ concentration. Diurnal variations and spatial distributions across stations reflected seasonal variations characteristics of urban CO₂ sources and sinks. The deployment of this network has demonstrated the feasibility of operating a low-cost, high-density monitoring system in cities with complex underlying surfaces, such as those in China. This approach provided a basis for estimating urban carbon emissions and evaluating the effectiveness of emission reduction measures.

This study was conducted in an agricultural irrigation area of reclaimed water in Suqian City. In the irrigation area, regions with long-term surface water irrigation（S1）, short-term reclaimed water irrigation（S2）, and long-term reclaimed water irrigation（S3）were selected. Undisturbed soil samples were collected from depths of 0~20cm and 20~40cm using plastic and metal rings. CT scanning and image processing technology were used to obtain the connected pores and their structural characteristics under different treatments, while the hydraulic properties of the soils were simultaneously tested. This study aimed to investigate the impact of reclaimed water irrigation on soil pore structure and hydraulic parameters and to analyze the key pore parameters that caused changes in hydraulic properties. The results showed short-term reclaimed water irrigation disrupted the soil pore structure, lending to a simplification of the pore architecture. After long-term reclaimed water irrigation, the soil pore structure improved compared to short-term irrigation, with no significantly difference observed when compared to the soil under long-term surface water irrigation. The use of reclaimed water for irrigation had no significant impact on the pore structure and hydraulic properties of both surface and subsurface soils. Reclaimed water irrigation significantly reduced soil hydraulic conductivity. Compared to the soil under long-term surface water irrigation, the hydraulic conductivity（K_S）for short-term and long-term reclaimed water irrigated soils decreased by 20.81% and 20.18%, respectively. Reclaimed water irrigation had little effect on soil water retention capacity. The changes in pore structure after reclaimed water irrigation significantly affected the soil's hydraulic properties. Redundancy analysis showed that pore parameters explained 83.30% of the variation in hydraulic properties, with surface fractal dimension having the greatest impact on hydraulic properties. Pore shape had no significant relationship with any hydraulic parameters.

CoFe₂O₄@MoS₂ was prepared by the hydrothermal method and used to activate permonosulfate（PMS）for the degradation of ciprofloxacin（CIP）in water. The successful preparation of CoFe₂O₄@MoS₂ was confirmed by the characterization results obtained from SEM and XRD. Degradation results showed that the removal rate of CIP in the CoFe₂O₄@MoS₂/PMS system can reached 74.38% in 120minutes, which is higher than the sum of the individual CoFe₂O₄@MoS₂ and PMS systems, verifying the activation ability of CoFe₂O₄@MoS₂ on PMS. The quenching experiment results indicated that the main oxidative active species in the system are ^●OH、SO₄^●- and ¹O₂, with SO₄^●- and ¹O₂ playing a major role in the degradation of CIP. Based on density functional theory combined with HPLC analysis, eight possible products were obtained and two possible degradation pathways of CIP were proposed. The environmental risks of the degradation products were evaluated and predicted using the TEST program, and it was shown that, compared with the parent compound, most products exhibited reduced acute toxicity, weakened mutagenicity, decreased bioaccumulation and developmental toxicity, and significantly lower ecotoxicity. Additionally, the CIP removal rate of the CoFe₂O₄@MoS₂/PMS system can still reached 60.04% after four cycles, and the XRD results demonstrated that the crystal structure of the catalyst did not undergo significant changes before and after the reaction, indicating the high efficiency and stability of the catalyst.

Semi-volatile organic compounds（SVOCs）can be easily adsorbed by indoor surfaces and thus are difficult to be removed by ventilation or air purification. Photocatalytic oxidation technology has bright prospects in the field of indoor air purification, but its performance on removing indoor SVOCs is still unclear. In this study, we found that the commonly-used photocatalyst（P25titanium dioxide）could effectively degrade two typical indoor SVOCs（dibutyl phthalate（DnBP）and tri（2-chloropropyl）phosphate（TCPP））under the irradiation of both a 254 nm ultraviolet lamp and a fluorescent lamp, and the degradation process could be described by the first-order kinetic equation. Under the irradiation of fluorescent lamp, DnBP and TCPP were completely degraded within 120 and 42h, respectively, being significantly faster than the removal rate of ventilation and air purification for these two SVOCs. Furthermore, the degradation products and corresponding pathways of DnBP and TCPP were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to simulate soil contaminated with varying levels of cadmium（Cd）, arsenic（As）, and lead（Pb）to investigate the changes in biomass, the absorption and accumulation of mineral nutrients, as well as the accumulation characteristics of heavy metals under different contamination conditions. Furthermore, soil threshold for Cd, As, and Pb in acidic soil were derived to ensure the safe production of cherry radish. The results indicated that cherry radish exhibited significant toxic effects when heavy metals content added in soil reached the risk control threshold. The contents of iron（Fe）, copper（Cu）, and zinc（Zn）in root of cherry radish increased initially and then decreased as the level of heavy metals contamination increased, while manganese（Mn）content continuously increased. The root of cherry radish had the highest enrichment and translocation ability for Cd, with average bioconcentration factors（BCF）being 18.6 and 115 times higher than those for As and Pb, respectively. The average translocation factors（TF）for Cd were 4.02 and 2.41 times higher than those for Pb and As, respectively. Based on the National Food Safety Standard（GB2762—2022）, and considering the safety of both the roots and shoots of cherry radishes, the derived soil threshold values for safe cherry radish production in acidic soil were 0.30mg/kg for Cd, 171.1mg/kg for As, and 27.5mg/kg for Pb.

To investigate the influence of microbial communities on arsenic speciation in lake sediments of the Hetao Basin in Inner Mongolia during the ice-bound period, the sediments from Wuliangsuhai（WLSH）were taken as the research object. Using 16SrRNA high-throughput sequencing technology, the structural characteristics of microbial communities in WLSH sediments during the ice-bound period were studied. Additionally, methods such as redundancy analysis（RDA）, correlation analysis, and co-occurrence network analysis were employed to explore the response relationship between sediment microbial communities and arsenic speciation during the ice-bound period. The results indicated that, apart from the residual arsenic, strongly adsorbed arsenic and arsenic co-precipitated with AVS（Acid-extractable sulfides in sediment）, carbonates, manganese oxides, and poorly crystalline Fe hydroxides accounted for a relatively high proportion in the sediments of WLSH during the ice-bound period. When the sedimentary environment was unstable during the ice-bound period, there was a risk of secondary release of arsenic in the sediments of WLSH. The microbial community in the WLSH sediments during the ice-bound period exhibited abundant diversity, and the richness and diversity of microbial community species showed obvious spatial distribution characteristics. There was a significant collinear relationship between microbial communities and arsenic speciation during the ice-bound period, with Thiobacillus, Bacillus, Steroidobacter, Desulfosarcinaceae, and Anaerolinea exhibiting the most pronounced effects on arsenic speciation. Furthermore, adsorbed As, As co-precipitated with AVS, carbonates, manganese oxides, and poorly crystalline Fe hydroxides, as well as As in pyrite, could mutually transform during the ice-bound period, and Thiobacillus and Steroidobacter played crucial roles in this transformation process. This study aims to explore the impact of microbial communities on arsenic speciation in sediments of WLSH during the ice-bound period, providing a microbial theoretical basis and scientific evidence for lake arsenic pollution control. It provides significant implications for the rational development and utilization of water resources, as well as the protection and restoration of aquatic ecological environments.