A laboratory-scale AnMBR was established to investigate the methanogenic performance, organic matter removal efficiency, membrane fouling behavior, as well as the material flow and energy conservation and emission reduction under the optimal operating conditions during the treatment of methylamine wastewater. The results showed that as hydraulic retention time（HRT）decreased from 36h to 8h, average methane yield rose from 0.231L CH₄/g COD to 0.287L CH₄/g COD. COD removal was stable above 95%, methylamine removal hit 100%. But at 6h HRT, methylamine removal was only 44.3%, reactor performance dropped, and methane yield fell to 0.094L CH₄/g COD. Membrane flux rose from 1LMH to 6LMH, transmembrane pressure（TMP）growth was slow. At 12h HRT, long operation made TMP exceed 20kPa. After replacing the membrane module, analysis show irreversible fouling inside, relate to microbial extracellular polymers. Considering comprehensively the methanogenic performance and the growth rate of TMP in each stage, the optimal operating condition is determined as HRT=8h. More than 80% of the influent COD is converted into methane, the generated bioenergy is significantly higher than the power consumption of the system operation, the net energy potential reaches 4.142kW·h/m³, and it can reduce carbon emissions by 2.239kg CO₂/m³.

The remediation effect of Robinia pseudoacacia L. intercropped with Solanum nigrum L. and Pteris vittate L. on Cd and As contaminated soil was studied through a pot experiment. The results showed that the intercropping of R. pseudoacacia L. could promote the growth and the uptake of Cd and As in S. nigrum L. and P. vittate L., and reduce the content of Cd and As in soil, as well as enhance soil enzyme activities. Compared with the monocultures of S. nigrum L. and P. vittate L., the whole biomass of S. nigrum L. and P. vittate L. was significantly enhanced（P<0.05）by 50.4% and 86.2% when intercropped with R. pseudoacacia L. Meanwhile, the contents of Cd and As in the leaves of S. nigrum L. were significantly enhanced（P<0.05）by 78.4% and 260.7%, respectively. The total accumulation of As in aboveground parts of all plants under the intercropping of R. pseudoacacia L. with S. nigrum L. and P. vittate L. was significantly enhanced（P<0.05）by 1.11 and 2.17 times compared with the monocultures of R. pseudoacacia L. or S. nigrum L., and the total accumulation of Cd was significantly enhanced（P<0.05）by 1.89 and 15.72 times compared with the monocultures of R. pseudoacacia L. or P. vittate L. Moreover, the contents of available Cd and As in soil under the intercropping of R. pseudoacacia L. with two hyperaccumulators were significantly reduced（P<0.05）by 23.6% and 17.0% compared with the control, respectively. Meanwhile, the contents of soil organic matter and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen were significantly enhanced（P<0.05）by 46.2%~83.2% and 18.5%~26.4% as compared with the monocultures, the activities of soil catalase was significantly enhanced（P<0.05）by 43.7%~53.0% compared with the monocultures of R. pseudoacacia L. or P. vittate L., the soil sucrase and urease activities were also significantly enhanced（P<0.05）by 11.5%~28.4% and 20.6%~36.4% compared with the monocultures of R. pseudoacacia L. and S. nigrum L., respectively. The results suggested that the intercropping of R. pseudoacacia L. with two different types of hyperaccumulator could effectively uptake and accumulate Cd and As to reduce the bioavailability of Cd and As in the contaminated soil, and effectively improve the soil environmental quality, which could be considered as a promising intercropping model for the simultaneous remediation of Cd and As contaminated soil in mining areas.

Using Taihu algal mud as the research subject, two common flocculants, polymeric ferric sulfate（PFS）and polyacrylamide（PAM）, were selected to prepare different hydrochars at 180°C, 220°C, and 260°C. The results demonstrated that as the hydrothermal temperature increased, the carbon content in the algal mud hydrochar increased, while the hydrogen and nitrogen contents decreased. Decarboxylation and hydrolysis reactions were identified as the dominant processes during the hydrothermal conversion. The incorporation of PFS significantly enhanced the iron content in the hydrochar by 519.6% to 748.3%, and the rise in hydrothermal temperature facilitated the transformation of iron from Fe（III）to Fe（II）, thereby improving its reducibility. PAM exhibited degradation at lower temperatures, generating oxygen-containing functional groups, while PFS promoted the degradation and carbonization of organic matter. The hydrochar prepared at 180°C showed higher nutrient retention. Rice cultivation experiments indicated that the application of algal mud-based hydrochar did not adversely affect rice growth；notably, PAM-based hydrochars increased rice plant biomass by 9.0%. Based on field survey data, it was estimated that converting Taihu algal mud into hydrochar could annually recover 3077.7 tons of total nitrogen and 776.7 tons of total phosphorus. The recovered total phosphorus accounted for 43.1% of the external phosphorus load input into Taihu Lake.

Employed a SBR to simulate municipal wastewater as the influent matrix and initiated the Nitritation-Enhanced Partial Denitrification-Complete Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal Over Nitrite（N-EPD-CANON）process. The anoxic duration within the EPD system was meticulously adjusted to scrutinize the impact on endogenous nitrite accumulation and the consequent performance alterations within the CANON system. The objective was to elucidate the influence of anoxic time on endogenous nitrite concentration and its subsequent effects on nitrogen removal efficiency, the activity of functional microbial groups, and the structure of microbial communities within the CANON process. The findings revealed that an anoxic duration of 40minutes within the EPD system was optimal for capturing influent organic matter while concurrently promoting the endogenous nitrite to accumulate at a favorable concentration of approximately 4mg/L. Under sustained operational conditions, the CANON reactor achieved a total nitrogen removal rate of 86.43%. The specific anammox activity（SAA）was determined to be 0.82gN/（gVSS·d）, the particular nitrate production rate（SNPR）was reduced to 0.28gN/（gVSS·d）, and the specific ammonium removal rate（SAOR）was recorded at 0.70gN/（g VSS·d）. Additionally, the application of 3D-EEM and PARAFAC techniques to analyze the fluorescence components of EPS in the sludge indicated that the intensification of endogenous nitrite had a beneficial effect on increasing the content of aromatic proteins within the EPS without altering its composition. Microbiota community analysis reveals that Candidatus_Competibacter is the dominant genus in the EPD system, accounting for 24.61%. In contrast, in the CANON system, the relative abundance of Nitrosomonas at 2.67% ensures the NO₂^--N supply for AnAOB, and Candidatus Brocadia, as the main genus of AnAOB, accounts for 13.34%.

In this study, Jiangmen City was selected as a case study to investigate the characteristics and causes of heavy ozone（O₃）pollution days. Positive Matrix Factorization（PMF）and an observation-based model coupled with the CB06chemical mechanism（OBM-CB06）were employed as the analytical methods, integrating pollutant concentrations, meteorological data, photolysis data, and volatile organic compound（VOC）concentrations. The findings showed that heavy ozone pollution in Jiangmen resulted primarily from the early morning accumulation of precursors due to meteorological conditions, followed by enhanced photochemical reactions and poor dispersion after the O₃ concentration peaked. Notably, early morning concentrations of nitrogen oxides（NO_x）and carbon monoxide（CO）in Jiangmen were significantly higher than those in surrounding cities. VOCs source apportionment revealed that mobile sources（29.91% to 31.25%）and liquefied petroleum gas（LPG）usage（28.8% to 30.73%）were the major contributors. O₃ sensitivity analysis demonstrated that O₃ formation in Jiangmen was predominantly NO_x-sensitive under heavy pollution conditions. A 20% reduction in NO_x could effectively prevent heavy pollution, while a further 60% reduction might keep O₃ concentrations within the mild pollution range. The relative incremental reactivity（RIR）of precursors also highlighted the importance of NO_x control during heavy pollution days, as NO_x exhibited the highest RIR values（0.95~0.99）. O₃ budget analysis revealed regional influences. Except at year-end, when stringent control measures effectively reduced regional impacts on heavy pollution days, heavy pollution episodes in other periods were largely influenced by upwind areas, particularly the central PRD region（e.g., Guangzhou-Foshan）. Moreover, the regional contribution generally increased significantly after 15:00 on heavy pollution days, exceeding 60%. To mitigate heavy O₃ pollution in Jiangmen, stricter control of NO_x and other precursor emissions should be enforced. Furthermore, coordinated regional prevention and control measures should be implemented in collaboration with upwind cities, such as Foshan, Zhongshan, and Guangzhou.

Antibiotic resistance was recognized as one of the most critical public health challenges confronted by humanity in the 21 st century. Metal nanomaterials were regarded as potent alternatives in the post-antibiotic era, attributed to their exceptional biocidal efficacy and tunable properties. However, it was demonstrated through recent studies that not only could resistance to nanomaterials themselves be developed by bacteria, but the physiological characteristics of bacteria could also be altered, consequently leading to enhanced antibiotic resistance. The antibiotic resistance variations induced by metal nanomaterials were systematically reviewed, with underlying mechanisms being elucidated through three key aspects: the interfacial interactions between nanomaterials and bacterial membranes, the occurrence of bacterial genomic mutations, and the horizontal transfer of resistance genes. This investigation was designed to establish a theoretical framework for innovating next-generation nano-antimicrobial agents, while simultaneously promoting the application of nanomaterials in combating antimicrobial resistance on a global scale.

Based on panel data of 284 cities at or above the prefecture level in China from 2012 to 2022, this paper studied the impact of new quality productivity on green innovation efficiency and the moderating effect of urbanization in this process by using fixed effect model, moderating effect model and general nesting spatial model. It was found that:（1）New quality productivity was confirmed to significantly enhance green innovation efficiency, a conclusion that still held after a series of robustness tests.（2）The promoting effect of new quality productivity on green innovation efficiency was most significant in the eastern region, followed by the central region, while no significant impact was observed in the western region.（3）Urbanization played a positive moderating role in the process of new quality productivity promoting green innovation efficiency.（4）New quality productivity was shown to generate positive spatial spillover effect that effectively improved green innovation efficiency of neighboring regions. Therefore, it was recommended to actively cultivate new quality productivity, optimize the innovation environment according to regional characteristics, vigorously promote the green urbanization process, and establish efficient regional cooperation mechanism to fully unleash the potential of new quality productivity and accelerate the green transformation of the economy and society.

The impacts of dry-rewetting and freeze-thaw cycles on DTPA-extractable Pb（II）content and Pb speciation in soils and material structure of weathered coal-based immobilized microbial materials were investigated through a controlled simulated experiment. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms through which these two factors affect the effectiveness of lead-contaminated soil remediation using selected microbes. The results showed that after 35 dry-rewetting cycles, the DTPA-extractable Pb（II）content in low-concentration lead-contaminated soil（LS）and high-concentration lead-contaminated soil（HS）decreased by 46.41% and 29.42%, respectively, compared to the initial levels. After 35 freeze-thaw cycles, the content in LS and HS decreased by 40.06% and 32.77%, respectively. Additionally, the residual fraction of Pb in LS increased under both dry-rewetting and freeze-thaw treatments. Structural analysis revealed that the surface of weathered coal-became rougher, with increases in specific surface area, oxygen-containing functional groups, and Pb adsorption sites increased after dry-wet and freeze-thaw cycles. These changes enhanced complexation with functional groups thereby improving the stability of the passivation effect on lead contamination.

The determination of environmental background values for groundwater was recognized as a prerequisite and key step for the scientific identification, evaluation, and prevention of groundwater pollution. In this paper, the development history of groundwater environmental background value research was reviewed both domestically and internationally. Existing calculation methods for groundwater environmental background values were discussed along with their respective advantages and disadvantages. The research paradigm for background value reasonableness validation analysis and cause analysis was systematically summarized. Finally, existing problems in current groundwater environmental background value research were identified, and future development trends were projected. It was observed that inconsistencies in naming and definitions of groundwater environmental background values persisted among scholars worldwide. Although the influence of human activities on groundwater chemical components had been considered, quantitative determination of the "low human activity impact" threshold in conceptual frameworks remained challenging. Methods for determining environmental background values were generally categorized into mathematical-statistical approaches, model-based methodologies, and other alternative techniques. Each method was found to possess distinct advantages and limitations. The combination of hydrochemical analysis with mathematical statistics was demonstrated to emerge as one of the representative integrated approaches for calculating groundwater environmental background values, though methodologies for trace and micro-component analysis were noted to require further development. The reasonableness of environmental background values was typically assessed through comprehensive evaluation of multiple factors including surrounding pollution sources, hydrogeological conditions, lithological characteristics, land use patterns, pollution percentage indices, and stable isotope results. Regional geological settings and hydrogeological conditions were identified as primary controllers of groundwater environmental background values, while biogeochemical processes were determined to dominate micro-enrichment mechanisms. Based on established environmental background values, groundwater pollution levels were effectively evaluated, pollution risk areas were scientifically delineated, and reference thresholds were provided for environmental regulation and remediation targets. Future priorities were emphasized to include the urgent establishment of a global groundwater environmental background value database, enhanced application of existing background value data, and strategic utilization of big data analytics. These measures were proposed to optimize global groundwater resource protection and pollution control strategies under combined pressures of climate change and anthropogenic impacts.

In response to the current limitations of the Fe²⁺/periodate（PI）system, which is difficult to sustain effective performance and is merely applicable under acidic conditions, a system of visible light（VL）and 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid（TA）cooperating with Fe³⁺ for activating PI was constructed. The results indicate that the combination of VL and TA can accelerate the redox cycling between Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺, significantly enhancing the performance of activating PI. The VL/TA/Fe³⁺/PI system can achieve the complete degradation of sulfadiazine（SD）within 30min, with better efficacy under neutral and acidic conditions. Anions such as Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, and SO₄²⁻ have minimal effects on SD removal, whereas the existence of HCO₃⁻ significantly inhibits SD elimination. At the same time, humic acid（HA）exhibits a promoting effect. Quenching tests and electron paramagnetic resonance（EPR）analysis confirmed that hydroxyl radicals（HO•）and singlet oxygen（¹O₂）were the primary reactive species responsible for SD removal. Based on mass spectrometry analysis, 6degradation intermediates were verified, and 3 possible degradation pathways for SD were proposed. Using radish as a model organism for phytotoxicity assessment, it was demonstrated that the toxicity of SD-contaminated water was significantly reduced after treatment. Simultaneously, the system exhibited excellent treatment efficiency in various real water matrices. Furthermore, this system exhibits favourable degradation performance for multiple typical emerging contaminants prevalently existing in natural water bodies, indicating broad application prospects.