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The heavy metal copper (Cu) in acid mine drainage (AMD) is an essential element for organisms but potentially toxic. To control its environmental impact, it is necessary to investigate the factors that influence Cu migration in AMD-sediment interfaces. This study investigated the isotopic composition and fractionation characteristics of Cu in AMD systems from three different mining areas in central China. By coupling these isotopic signatures with detailed physicochemical analyses, we elucidated the key factors and mechanisms controlling Cu adsorption and migration. The results revealed that the Cu isotope fractionation between solutions and sediments in the Dingjiashan gold-copper-sulfur mining area, the Guanchao lead-zinc mining area, and the Qiaolichong polymetallic mining area ranged from (0.3±0.01)‰ to (1.5±0.07)‰, (0.61±0.01)‰, and (1.03±0.02)‰, respectively. This indicates that Cu isotope fractionation in AMD systems varies across mining areas and at different locations within the same mining area. The trends in the primary Cu species in sediments are consistent with those in AMD systems, and exhibit a clear pattern: as sediment Fe-oxide content and the proportion of Fe-/Mn-oxide-bound Cu increase, the isotopic fractionation magnitude decreases; conversely, elevated sulfur/organic matters and a larger fraction of organic- sulfide-bound Cu amplify the fractionation scale, confirming that mineral adsorption and organic-sulfur complexation are the key factors governing Cu mobility and transformation in AMD systems. These results suggest that the characteristics of Cu stable isotope fractionation may serve as a potential tool to explore the key factors controlling Cu migration in AMD systems across different mining areas.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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