Full
Outline
The recycling of waste photovoltaic panels is of great significance for environmental protection and the realization of resource recycling. Under the national dual carbon policy, the carbon footprint assessment, evaluation of waste photovoltaic panel recycling and treatment technology have become key issues for the sustainable development of the photovoltaic industry. This paper establishes a carbon footprint evaluation system for the recycling of waste photovoltaic panels. Using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), the environmental impact assessment and carbon footprint analysis are conducted for three typical recycling technologies for waste photovoltaic panels (i.e., the alkaline-acid electrolysis method (PI), the improved reverse electroplating-alkaline-acid method (PII), and the improved salt etching method (PIII)). Through LCA normalization analysis, the environmental impacts of the three processes are typical alkali-acid electrowinning method > improved reverse electroplating-alkali-acid method > improved salt etching method. Sensitivity analysis indicates that PI and PII use relatively small amounts of hydrofluoric acid and acetic acid, resulting in the highest sensitivity. Material flow and carbon flow analysis clearly demonstrated the sources and sinks of material consumption and carbon emissions. The results showed that the chemical waste generation and carbon emissions of PIII were significantly reduced. Further carbon reduction potential analysis explored the improvement space for each process in terms of emissions reduction, concluding that all three processes have high carbon reduction potential under a low-carbon energy scenario, with the improved salt etching method achieving a comprehensive carbon reduction potential of up to 82%. Carbon footprint analysis indicate that the improved salt etching method achieves the best performance (0.83kg CO2eq). This study precisely quantifies the carbon footprint of waste photovoltaic panel recycling technologies and identifies directions for green and low-carbon development, providing reference for government and enterprise decision-making and optimization of waste photovoltaic panel recycling technologies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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