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This review summarizes the applications and future prospects of metagenomics in studying antibiotic resistance pollution in marine environments. Results demonstrate that metagenomic analysis enables comprehensive characterization of genetic composition in marine microbial communities, particularly regarding the distribution, diversity, and spatiotemporal dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The analysis reveals that ARGs are ubiquitously present in marine waters, sediments, and organisms, influenced by multiple factors including pollution sources, environmental conditions, and anthropogenic activities. Metagenomics not only elucidates ARG dissemination mechanisms but also provides scientific foundations for ecological risk assessment and pollution mitigation; however, limitations persist in functional validation and interpretation of environmental driving mechanisms. Future research should leverage multi-omics integration, third-generation sequencing technologies, and advanced bioinformatics tools to enhance the depth and precision of marine ARG pollution studies. Concurrently, integration with big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence technologies will establish metagenomics as an irreplaceable tool in marine antibiotic resistance research, offering critical insights for combating the global antibiotic resistance crisis.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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