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Outline
In response to the constrained efficacy of traditional in situ chemical oxidation and enhanced bioremediation in karst groundwater, novel slow-release materials (SRMs) were prepared employing paraffin and concrete as binding agents. Simulated karst column experiments were performed to characterize the release kinetics and assess the removal performance of these SRMs against typical fuel pollutants (BTX). In this study, slow-release materials were prepared using paraffin and concrete as binders. Column experiments simulating a dynamic karst aquatic environment were conducted to investigate the release behavior of these materials and their efficacy in removing typical fuel contaminants (BTX compounds). The results showed that: Paraffin-based slow-release materials exhibited significant media-specific release behaviour, but their initial burst release of persulfate resulted in increased non-target consumption. Concrete-based slow-release materials demonstrated a more stable release profile and achieved a higher nitrate utilization rate in the remediation system. Although ferrous salt activation improved the oxidation efficiency of persulfate, challenges such as short activation duration (<72hours), limited spatial influence, and low ferrous ion utilization (leading to iron hydroxide precipitation) remained. In karst groundwater, the first-order decay rate constant for benzene series concentration under the slow-release dosing method (0.154d-1) was higher than that under the continuous dosing method (0.044d-1), indicating superior removal efficiency with slow-release dosing. The pH buffering effect in the limestone medium delayed persulfate decay, while the sandy medium facilitated the enrichment of functional microorganisms, thereby enhancing bioremediation.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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