Co-doped ZnO gas-sensitive materials were synthesized via a hydrothermal method, and the influence of varying Co doping concentrations on their gas-sensing properties was systematically investigated. Furthermore, focusing on the emission characteristics of acetone within the multi-component VOCs generated during rubber vulcanization, the feasibility of real-time acetone detection using these materials was explored, aiming to enable cost-effective operation of adsorption systems under compliance conditions. The results indicated that the Co-ZnO-2% sensor achieved a high response value of 1146.8 to 260mg/m³ acetone at 240℃, with rapid response and recovery times of 16s and 8s, respectively. Additionally, it exhibited excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability toward acetone. In a simulated VOC adsorption purification experiment, the Co-ZnO-2% sensor was applied, and its response values were demonstrated to effectively indicate both the breakthrough and saturation states of the adsorbent. Under multi-component adsorption conditions, with acetone as a representative indicator, a warning threshold and a concentration prediction model, X_acetone=(Y-16.89)/4.47, were established to estimate VOC concentrations. This approach successfully realized online monitoring of the adsorption process and evaluation of the emission status.