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Outline
This study investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of open-field crop straw burning (hereinafter referred to as crop straw burning) in the North China Plain, based on thermal anomaly data from VIIRS/NPP and agricultural statistics from 2013 to 2023. Furthermore, an emission inventory for major atmospheric pollutants from 2013 to 2022 was developed, and the impact on PM2.5 concentrations during summer harvest season was assessed. The results showed that: significant spatial clustering was observed in the distribution of crop straw burning fire points, with two primary high-density zones identified in the southern Henan-northern Anhui region and the Bohai Rim region. The number of fire points decreased significantly during the study period, with the southern experiencing greater reductions than the northern. Intra-annual variations were highly synchronous with agricultural activities, showing distinct peaks during the summer and autumn harvest periods. The pollutant emissions declined by over 50% from 2013 to 2022, with a rapid decrease from 2013 to 2016 followed by a stabilization. The seasonal peak of emissions shifted from summer-autumn to winter-spring over time, while the spatial distribution of high-emission areas became increasingly fragmented. In terms of crop-specific contributions, emissions from corn straw burning consistently exceeded those from wheat straw burning. During the June harvest period, a significant positive correlation (r = 0.70~0.91) was found between province-level PM2.5 emissions from straw burning and ground-level PM2.5 concentrations across Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Anhui provinces on an interannual scale. Daily-scale analysis indicated that a strong contribution from straw burning to PM2.5 levels in the southern Henan-northern Anhui region from 2013 to 2016 (r = 0.68), with its influence weakening after 2017. The impact in the Bohai Rim region was generally weaker throughout the study period. However, case studies demonstrated that concentrated burning events could still trigger significant short-term PM2.5 pollution episodes. Therefore, synchronous large-scale burning across multiple regions should be avoided to prevent regional pollution episodes.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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