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Outline
Based on 110d of full-scale operational data from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in a northern Chinese city, combined with metagenomic analyses of activated sludge (N) and anoxic (A) and aerobic (O) biofilms, this study investigated pollutant removal characteristics of the AO + MBBR process under winter low-temperature conditions (13~15℃) and elucidated the associations between key functional taxa and nitrogen metabolism. The results showed that the biofilm exhibited higher microbial community richness than the suspended sludge. At the genus level, the filamentous bacterium Candidatus_Microthrix was the dominant taxon in the aerobic zone during winter, accounting for 17.63% in N and 10.12% in O, whereas Nitrospira was present at relatively low abundance (2.09% in N and 3.58% in O). According to the abundance of nitrogen-metabolism-related enzyme KOs (RPKM), Candidatus_Microthrix carried no detectable genes involved in nitrification, suggesting competitive interactions with nitrifiers. In addition, key genes for both nitrification and denitrification were most abundant in the biofilm, including AmoCAB (N=1.42, O=70.94) and NarGHI (N=410.57, A=1119.12). Redundancy analysis (RDA) further indicated that the MBBR biofilm system had higher functional gene redundancy, exhibited a more stable response to environmental fluctuations, and showed better shock resistance than the AO activated-sludge system. These findings provide a scientific basis for process optimization and operational regulation of municipal wastewater treatment plants under winter low-temperature conditions.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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