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This study employed zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism to investigate the neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by combined exposure to polylactic acid microplastics (PLA MPs) and triclosan (TCS), a representative endocrine-disrupting chemical. The results demonstrated that PLA MPs can serve as efficient carriers for TCS, with adsorption kinetics well described by a pseudo-second-order model. Co-exposure significantly induced developmental malformations in zebrafish larvae, including spinal curvature, yolk sac edema, reduced heart rate, and decreased hatching success, with markedly more severe teratogenic effects compared to TCS exposure alone. Furthermore, combined exposure substantially elevated oxidative stress levels, reduced spontaneous locomotor activity by 56.5%, and disrupted light-dark locomotor rhythms. These behavioral impairments were accompanied by decreased neuronal abundance, abnormal vascular development, a significant reduction in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (37.4%), and a slight decrease in dopamine (DA) levels. RT-qPCR analysis further revealed that TCS alone suppressed the expression of genes associated with neurodevelopment and apoptosis regulation, whereas co-exposure with PLA MPs exacerbated these molecular disruptions, leading to more pronounced neurotoxicity. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential neurodevelopmental risks posed by the combined exposure to biodegradable MPs and organic endocrine disruptors, providing early warning evidence for ecological risk assessment of emerging composite pollutants in aquatic environments.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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