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Three types (8sites) of sewage ponds with different pollution levels were selected, and high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the archaeal communities in the water and sediments. The results showed significant differences in the composition, diversity, and structure of archaeal communities within the water and sediments of ponds across the different pollution levels. In the pond water, the main environmental factors influencing the archaeal community were pH (19.3%) and NH3-N (11.5%), and community assembly was primarily governed by deterministic processes. Indicator taxa for lightly polluted water were Odinarchaeia, Altiarchaeaceae, and Methanosarcina. Moderately polluted water was characterized by Methanomicrobiales and Methanospirillum. Heavily polluted water was indicated by Thermococci, Methanohalobiaceae, and Nitrosopumilaceae. In the pond sediments, key environmental drivers of archaeal community variation included pH (7.9%), Zn (7.3%), Pb (7.3%), Ni (7.1%), Cu (6.8%), and Cr (6.3%). Along the pollution gradient, the assembly process of archaeal communities gradually shifted from stochastic to deterministic. The indicator taxa for lightly polluted sediments were Methanobacteriaceae, Nitrososphaeria, Bathyarchaeia, Thermoplasmata, and Methanomethylophilaceae. Micrarchaeales was the main indicator for moderately polluted sediments, while Lokiarchaeia was the primary indicator for heavily polluted sediments.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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