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Outline
In response to existing research gaps—such as insufficient understanding of the mechanisms of microbial degradation of organic pollutants, the complex influence of environmental factors, and the unclear indicative role of these factors in natural attenuation processes—this study systematically reviews the metabolic mechanisms of microbial degradation, the regulatory effects of key environmental factors, and the application of microbial indicators in natural attenuation assessment. The research reveals that the biodegradation of organic pollutants exhibits synergistic multi-pathway characteristics, where microorganisms synthesize specific enzymes under the regulation of functional genes to achieve efficient degradation through diverse pathways. Key environmental factors, including pollutant concentration and electron donors/acceptors, directly affect the efficacy of natural attenuation by regulating microbial activity and community structure. Microbial indicators such as metabolic products, community structure, and functional genes can effectively reflect the progress and potential of natural attenuation. Based on these findings, this paper deepens the systematic understanding of microbial metabolic mechanisms, the role of environmental factors, and their indicative functions. This not only forms the core theoretical foundation for optimizing natural attenuation management but also provides a scientific basis for developing monitoring and regulation strategies based on microbial responses.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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