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In this study, the direct and combined effects of meteorology and meteorology-driven biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions on surface ozone (O3) during the 2017 heatwaves in the Yangtze River Delta were quantified using a coupled WRF-MEGAN-CMAQ system. Regional BVOC emissions were estimated at 2.07 million tonnes annually, dominated by isoprene (54.0%) and monoterpenes (19.0%), with higher emissions in the south and 64.0% occurring in summer. During heatwave periods, total BVOC emissions increased by 248%, dominated by isoprene surge. Heatwave-induced increases in BVOCs elevated the regional maximum daily 8-hour average O3 concentrations by 3.6% (+6.1μg/m3), with strongest contributions in urban areas of northern Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu, and the Anhui Yangtze River corridor, where photochemical conditions could favor O3 formation. Meteorological conditions associated with heatwaves (the "direct effect") were identified as the dominant driver of O3 enhancement, contributing up to 22.0% (+38.1μg/m3), with impacts decreasing from coastal to inland regions. Shanghai exhibited the highest O3 sensitivity to heatwaves (+81.0μg/m3), while Jiangsu showed the strongest O3 response to BVOCs emission increments (+6.8μg/m3). These results demonstrate that heatwaves exacerbate O3 pollution through dual pathways: direct meteorological effects and indirect BVOCs-mediated enhancement. To address O3 pollution risks under future climate warming, differentiated mitigation strategies targeting heatwave-sensitive regions and high-BVOC emission areas are required.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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