Full
Outline
Direct air carbon capture (DAC) technology reached the stage of commercial deployment, yet its large-scale application still faced challenges of high energy consumption and resource-environmental impacts. An exergy-based life cycle assessment (ExLCA) framework for DAC systems was established, with their performance being evaluated across energy, resource, and environmental dimensions. It was shown that under grid-electricity and natural gas energy supply scenarios, the system's life cycle energy consumption was 10.22GJ/tCO2, with thermal energy demand for capture, CO2 compression, and oxygen production through air separation being identifiedas the dominant energy-intensive processes, which accounted for 62.72%, 13.41%, and 8.98%, respectively. The cumulative exergy consumption over the life cycle was 9.19GJ/t CO2, with electricity and thermal energy contributing 39.98% and 58.93% to total exergy consumption, while material-related exergy was accounted for only 1.09%, which was negligible. In terms of environmental benefits, a life cycle carbon removal efficiency of 47.50% was achieved by the system, with thermal energy and electricity consumption contributing 53.18% and 33.43% to total carbon emissions. Carbon removal efficiency could be increased to 88.60% by transitioning to biomass and wind power as energy sources. Furthermore, 80kg of water and 1465(m2·a) per ton of CO2 removed were required by the system, highlighting the need for careful resource management in large-scale deployment.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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