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Outline
To quantitatively assess fiber microplastic emissions and their spatial distribution resulting from household laundering, a release and transport flux model was developed. This model, which integrates global textile consumption data with microplastic emission factors from laundering, was used to evaluate how variations in washing behaviors and wastewater treatment capacities across different countries and regions influence fiber microplastic release patterns. The simulation results indicated that the global emission of fiber microplastics from household washing reached approximately 2298.8kt in 2022. India, China, and the United States were identified as the top three contributors, with estimated emissions of 624.5kt, 471.4kt, and 332.8kt, respectively. Following wastewater treatment, significant regional differences in microplastic removal efficiency were observed. North America exhibited the highest removal rate at 78%, while removal efficiencies in Asia and Africa below the global average. Ultimately, fiber microplastics not retained during wastewater treatment entered the marine environment via river systems. The Ganges River (16.5kt), the Yangtze River (12.4kt), and the Indus River (5.1kt) were identified as the rivers with the highest annual fluxes of fiber microplastics into the ocean.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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