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The influence of Fe-Ca layered double hydroxide-modified corn straw biochar (Fe-Ca LDH-CSB) on nutrient cycling processes in the rhizosphere soil of Bidens pilosa L. was investigated through controlled pot experiments. The application of Fe-Ca LDH-CSB was found to significantly increase the soil C/N ratio and organic matter content by 31.1~45.6% and 3.6~10.3%, respectively (P<0.05). Furthermore, the addition of biochar was observed to markedly upregulate functional genes involved in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling. At a 2% (mass ratio) amendment rate, the relative abundances of genes associated with C fixation (e.g., fbaA, korA, sucC, accD), N cycling (e.g., GDH2, nosZ, nifH, hao), and P cycling (e.g., ppk1, ppa, TC.PIT, pstB) were increased by 1.1~1.4-fold, 1.7~23.5-fold, and 1.1~1.2-fold, respectively, compared with the control. A significant positive correlation between available phosphorus and the abundance of C-, N-, and P-cycling genes (P<0.01) was revealed by Mantel test analysis. Sucrase activity was found to be positively correlated with C- and N-cycling genes (P<0.01) but negatively correlated with P-cycling genes (P<0.05). Partial least squares path modeling indicated that nutrient cycling was indirectly enhanced by Fe-Ca LDH-CSB through alterations in soil physicochemical properties and the reshaping of functional microbial taxa, thereby promoting the expression of nutrient-cycling genes. Taxonomic annotation revealed that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi were the dominant microbial hosts harboring key C-, N-, and P-cycling genes. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that the application of Fe-Ca LDH-CSB improved rhizosphere soil conditions and microbial community structure, thereby strengthening the biogeochemical cycling of C, N, and P in the rhizosphere of Bidens pilosa L.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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