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Recent advances in single-atom site electrocatalysts for nitrate reduction to ammonia
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Peng-liang SUN1, Zheng-zheng ZHAO1, Xiong ZHENG1, 2, 3, *, Hong-ying ZHAO2, 4, *, Guang-hong ZHENG1, Yin-guang CHEN1, 3
China Environmental Science | 2026, 46(1) : 120 - 137
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China Environmental Science | 2026, 46(1): 120-137
• Water Pollution Control •
Recent advances in single-atom site electrocatalysts for nitrate reduction to ammonia
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Peng-liang SUN1, Zheng-zheng ZHAO1, Xiong ZHENG1, 2, 3, *, Hong-ying ZHAO2, 4, *, Guang-hong ZHENG1, Yin-guang CHEN1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Green Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
  • 3.Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
  • 4.Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Published: 2026-01-20
Outline
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Ammonia (NH3), a cornerstone chemical for sustaining modern society, is traditionally produced via the energy-intensive and carbon-emissive Haber-Bosch process. In light of growing sustainability demands, the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR), powered by intermittent renewable energy, has recently emerged as a multidisciplinary research frontier. This reaction not only enables ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions but also offers the dual benefit of wastewater remediation and value-added chemical production. This Review highlights recent advances in single-atom site catalysts for NO3RR. We first discuss the reaction mechanisms underlying nitrate-to-ammonia conversion, with an emphasis on in situ characterization techniques essential for mechanistic insights. We then provide a comprehensive overview of atomically dispersed catalysts in NO3RR, focusing on the structure-activity relationships that inform the rational design of efficient systems. Finally, we summarize key findings and offer perspectives on current challenges and future directions. This Review aims to inform the development of environmentally benign ammonia synthesis strategies and nitrate valorization technologies, contributing to the advancement of green catalysis in the context of carbon neutrality.

electrocatalytic nitrate reduction  /  single-atom active sites catalysts  /  electrochemical ammonia synthesis  /  structure-activity relationship
孙彭亮, 赵铮铮, 郑雄, 赵红颖, 郑广宏, 陈银广. 单原子位点电催化硝酸盐还原合成氨研究进展. 中国环境科学, 2026 , 46 (1) : 120 -137 .
Peng-liang SUN, Zheng-zheng ZHAO, Xiong ZHENG, Hong-ying ZHAO, Guang-hong ZHENG, Yin-guang CHEN. Recent advances in single-atom site electrocatalysts for nitrate reduction to ammonia[J]. China Environmental Science, 2026 , 46 (1) : 120 -137 .
Appendix
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Year 2026 volume 46 Issue 1
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Article Info
  • Receive Date：2025-06-30
  • Online Date：2026-10-08
  • Published：2026-01-20
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History
  • Received：2025-06-30
Funding
Affiliations
    1.State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Green Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    3.Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
    4.Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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