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Outline
The research progress of high background of soil heavy metals related to carbonate rocks was systematically reviewed from the aspects of spatial distribution, element combination, spatial coverage, controlling factors, formation process, and risk characteristics. At present, it was generally believed that the main causation for the formation of this type of high background was the "secondary enrichment" of elements in the weathering process of parent rock, that is, the leaching of major elements, e.g. Ca, caused the relative enrichment of trace elements, e.g. Cd. In this process, iron and manganese minerals played an important role in the in-situ concentration of these elements. From the geographical perspective, the hot and humid climate was conducive to the formation of a higher background content. In general, Cd and other elements in soil developed from carbonate eluvium had the character of "high background with low activity", while in the alluvial areas formed by carbonate weathered materials, high acid soluble state of Cd might have occurred with risks of activation under conditions such as soil acidification. With high spatial variation of soil heavy metals in such areas, especially in the medium and small spatial scales, problems such as differentiation between natural background and anthropogenic pollution, quantitative recognition of relative risks, and development of control measures for environmental management, were required to be solved in the future study.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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