Full
Outline
This study established an integrated SWAT-LSTM-MLP model to investigate phosphorus flux dynamics in the Baiyangdian Basin, China. The SWAT simulations revealed three key findings: (1) the average annual phosphorus input of the basin was 717.3t/a(57.6kg/km2·a) during 2019~2023, and the organic phosphorus (78.8%) was the main form, which showd an increasing trend in 2023; (2) the phosphorus flux showed significantly seasonal variation, the flood seasons (June-September) accounted for 85.57% of annual phosphorus loading (49.28kg/km2), which was significantly positive correlations (P<0.01) with precipitation, runoff, and sediment load; (3) for the spatial distribution, the phosphorous load of Fu-Cao-Pu River (79.3kg/km2, 32.09%) and Baigou Diversion Canal (66.6kg/km2, 26.96%) was higher than other region. Furthermore, in order to avoid the deficiency of the SWAT mobile in nonlinear varaitions, the LSTM-MLP hybrid model was applied to improve the accuracy of phosphorous load prediction. The model results showed that:(1) the LSTM-MLP hybrid model significantly improved prediction accuracy (NSE>0.9, RMSE<4kg/km2) compared to conventional LSTM (NSE>0.8, RMSE<7kg/km2), particularly in capturing peak values; (2) simulate analysis under different sediment reduction scenario demonstrated that the Baigou Diversion Canal under 60% sediment reduction scenario can reduce 35.29% of phosphorus load, which was the most effective regions among all subregions.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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