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CaAl-LDH-based immobilization remediation on soil Tl and the relevant risk assessment
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Xiao-chen CHEN1, Qian GUAN1, Hao-chen FANG1, Jian-ying YU2, Jian-yu ZHANG3, Xue-ping HAN4, Teng-fei GUO2, Qi-jia ZHANG2, Xu-chuan ZHANG5, Kai-qin XU1, Nan WEI6, *
China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(12) : 6771 - 6778
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China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(12): 6771-6778
• Soil Pollution Control •
CaAl-LDH-based immobilization remediation on soil Tl and the relevant risk assessment
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Xiao-chen CHEN1, Qian GUAN1, Hao-chen FANG1, Jian-ying YU2, Jian-yu ZHANG3, Xue-ping HAN4, Teng-fei GUO2, Qi-jia ZHANG2, Xu-chuan ZHANG5, Kai-qin XU1, Nan WEI6, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Innovation Center for Soil Remediation and Restoration Technologies, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
  • 2.The Second Geological Exploration Institute, China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Fuzhou 350108, China
  • 3.Jiangsu Longchang Chemical Co., Ltd., Rugao 226532, China
  • 4.The First Geological Brigade of Jiangxi Geological Bureau, Nanchang 330052
  • 5.Maoyou Timber (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd., Rugao 226532
  • 6.State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China.
Published: 2025-12-20
Outline
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This study systematically investigated the adsorption mechanisms of heavy metal Tl by layered double hydroxide (LDH). For the first time, CaAl-LDH was applied to immobilize Tl in three typical Tl-contaminated soils-red soil, yellow soil, and black soil. The immobilization effectiveness was assessed based on the ecological and health risks associated with soil Tl, using the Tessier sequential extraction method and an in vitro test method. Results showed that the active sites on CaAl-LDH surface were uniformly distributed, with Tl+ adsorption primarily following monolayer adsorption behavior, consistent with the Langmuir model. The key adsorption mechanisms included: (1) synergistic adsorption induced by anion exchange in LDH interlayers; (2) surface adsorption of Tl+ on LDH lamella surfaces and edges; and (3) complexation with Tl+ following the release of functional groups from the LDH surface. At the relative optimal application rate (5% of soil mass), CaAl-LDH significantly reduced the mobility factor of soil Tl and the relevant ecological risk and crop uptake risk, with an average decrease of 24.1%. Also, it significantly lowered the bioaccessibility of soil Tl and the relevant human health risk, with an average decrease of 30.5% in the gastric phase and 21.3% in the small intestinal phase. These findings provide a scientific foundation and practical reference for developing immobilizing remediation agents for Tl-contaminated soils, thereby contributing to improved soil environmental quality and human health protection.

soil pollution  /  Tl  /  immobilization remediation  /  layered double hydroxide  /  risk assessment  /  bioaccessibility
陈晓晨, 官倩, 房灏宸, 余健英, 张剑宇, 韩雪平, 郭腾飞, 张起佳, 张旭钏, 徐开钦, 魏楠. 钙铝基层状双金属氢氧化物对土壤中铊的钝化修复及风险评估. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (12) : 6771 -6778 .
Xiao-chen CHEN, Qian GUAN, Hao-chen FANG, Jian-ying YU, Jian-yu ZHANG, Xue-ping HAN, Teng-fei GUO, Qi-jia ZHANG, Xu-chuan ZHANG, Kai-qin XU, Nan WEI. CaAl-LDH-based immobilization remediation on soil Tl and the relevant risk assessment[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (12) : 6771 -6778 .
Appendix
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Year 2025 volume 45 Issue 12
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Article Info
  • Receive Date：2025-04-27
  • Online Date：2026-10-08
  • Published：2025-12-20
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2025-04-27
Funding
Affiliations
    1. Innovation Center for Soil Remediation and Restoration Technologies, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
    2.The Second Geological Exploration Institute, China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Fuzhou 350108, China
    3.Jiangsu Longchang Chemical Co., Ltd., Rugao 226532, China
    4.The First Geological Brigade of Jiangxi Geological Bureau, Nanchang 330052
    5.Maoyou Timber (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd., Rugao 226532
    6.State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China.
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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