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Speciation distribution of heavy metals and phosphorus in municipal sludge before and after hydrothermal treatment
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Yuan ZHAO, Jing ZHANG*, Jun MA
China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(12) : 6706 - 6716
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China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(12): 6706-6716
• Solid Waste •
Speciation distribution of heavy metals and phosphorus in municipal sludge before and after hydrothermal treatment
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Yuan ZHAO, Jing ZHANG*, Jun MA
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  • National Engineering Research Center for Safe Disposal and Resources Recovery of Sludge, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
Published: 2025-12-20
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Hydrothermal treatment was applied to municipal sludge to investigate the speciation distribution of heavy metals and phosphorus in solid and liquid phases. The migration behavior and ecological risks of heavy metals were analyzed using the improved European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method combined with leaching toxicity assessment, while phosphorus transformation in hydrochar was examined by modified Hedley fractionation. Results indicated that most heavy metals were enriched in hydrochar and converted into more stable forms, with the ecological risk index decreasing to below 30%. Phosphorus was concentrated in hydrochar with an enrichment efficiency exceeding 90%, and its speciation shifted predominantly from NaOH-extractable phosphorus (NaOH-P) to HCl-extractable phosphorus (HCl-P) and residual phosphorus (Res-P), indicating enhanced stability. In conclusion, hydrothermal treatment achieved co-enrichment of heavy metals and phosphorus in hydrochar, simultaneously reducing the ecological risk of heavy metals and the leaching risk of phosphorus. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the stabilization treatment of municipal sludge.

municipal sludge  /  hydrothermal treatment  /  hydrochar  /  heavy metals  /  phosphorus
赵元, 张静, 马军. 水热处理前后市政污泥中重金属及磷形态分布研究. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (12) : 6706 -6716 .
Yuan ZHAO, Jing ZHANG, Jun MA. Speciation distribution of heavy metals and phosphorus in municipal sludge before and after hydrothermal treatment[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (12) : 6706 -6716 .
Appendix
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Year 2025 volume 45 Issue 12
52
12
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Article Info
  • Receive Date：2025-06-09
  • Online Date：2026-10-08
  • Published：2025-12-20
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  • Received：2025-06-09
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Affiliations
    National Engineering Research Center for Safe Disposal and Resources Recovery of Sludge, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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