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Outline
The migration and retention of light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) in fractured vadose zone is a complex multiphase seepage process, involving interactions among LNAPL, water, and air. To reveal the influence of entrapped water on LNAPL migration in fractures, comparative experiments on LNAPL migration in dry and water-entrapped fractures were conducted using a transparent fracture model. By combining image acquisition and processing techniques, the migration processes and retention characteristics of LNAPL in the experiments were obtained. The results showed that in dry fractures (under two-phase seepage conditions), LNAPL moved in the form of finger flow; however, in water-entrapped fractures (under three-phase seepage conditions), LNAPL moved in the form of film flow along the edges of water droplets. Compared with finger flow, the flow channel of film flow was more tortuous and the expansion range was wider, resulting in a larger retention volume of LNAPL in the fracture. The influence strength of film flow depended on the amount and distribution characteristics of water entrapped in the fracture, which were related to the fracture inclination angle. When the fracture tended to be horizontal, the migration range of LNAPL was the largest, and the residual amount was the greatest, whereas this effect was the weakest when the fracture tended to be vertical. Additionally, it was found that the fracture apertures of LNAPL residual zones in both dry and water-entrapped fractures followed a normal distribution. However, under water-entrapped conditions, the fracture aperture corresponding to the maximum LNAPL residual amount was larger than that under dry conditions, and it was mainly concentrated in the range of 0.3~0.4mm.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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