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Exposure characteristics and associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in paired blood and hair samples
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Li LI1, 2, Zu-lan ZHAO1, 2, Lu-lu HUANG1, 2, Xue CAO2, 3, Rui-xin QIN2, 4, 5, Shi-yi ZHANG2, 4, 5, Chun XIE1, Qi-long LIAO2, Jing ZHENG1, 2, *
China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(12) : 6996 - 7007
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China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(12): 6996-7007
• Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Health •
Exposure characteristics and associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in paired blood and hair samples
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Li LI1, 2, Zu-lan ZHAO1, 2, Lu-lu HUANG1, 2, Xue CAO2, 3, Rui-xin QIN2, 4, 5, Shi-yi ZHANG2, 4, 5, Chun XIE1, Qi-long LIAO2, Jing ZHENG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
  • 2.The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
  • 3.Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
  • 4.State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
  • 5.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: 2025-12-20
Outline
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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are typical emerging contaminants with persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT) properties. Female e-waste dismantling workers are at heightened risk because of their occupational activities. To characterize exposure patterns and explore the potential of hair as a non-invasive biomarker, we longitudinally evaluated 24 female workers via two sampling rounds separated by three months. Serum and hair samples were analyzed for PFAS concentrations, compositional profiles, and inter-matrix correlations. Twenty-seven PFAS were quantified in serum (median total concentration: 108ng/mL; range: 42.8~228ng/mL), while thirteen PFAS were detected in hair (median total concentration: 6.53ng/g; range: 2.92~37.1ng/g). Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) dominated both matrices, accounting for 47.0% of total PFAS in serum and 39.5% in hair. Positively dose-dependent relationships were observed between contemporaneous serum and hair concentrations for PFOA, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (6:2Cl-PFESA). When serum levels increased from the 10th to the 75th percentile, corresponding hair concentrations rose by 299.88%, 522.14%, 166.98%, 276.97% and 323.34%, respectively. In contrast, no significant associations were found between current hair PFAS levels and serum levels measured three months earlier. Employment duration and workplace type did not significantly influence PFAS burdens. These results validate hair as a practical, non-invasive matrix for PFAS exposure assessment and provide critical evidence for environmental health risk evaluation in this high-exposure occupational group.

per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)  /  e-waste dismantling  /  occupational exposure  /  biomonitoring materials
李丽, 赵祖兰, 黄璐璐, 曹雪, 秦瑞欣, 张释义, 谢春, 廖其龙, 郑晶. 血液与头发中PFAS暴露特征及关联性研究. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (12) : 6996 -7007 .
Li LI, Zu-lan ZHAO, Lu-lu HUANG, Xue CAO, Rui-xin QIN, Shi-yi ZHANG, Chun XIE, Qi-long LIAO, Jing ZHENG. Exposure characteristics and associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in paired blood and hair samples[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (12) : 6996 -7007 .
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Year 2025 volume 45 Issue 12
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Article Info
  • Receive Date：2025-05-27
  • Online Date：2026-10-08
  • Published：2025-12-20
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History
  • Received：2025-05-27
Funding
Affiliations
    1.Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
    2.The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
    3.Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
    4.State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
    5.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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