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Outline
With the escalating problem of nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems, heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) bacteria have gained considerable attention due to their capability for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. This technology presents benefits over conventional segmented treatment, such as high efficiency and strong adaptability. Nevertheless, there are still issues with the actual applications of HN-AD bacteria, such as unstable nitrogen removal, poor microbial community stability, and uncertain metabolic mechanisms. In this paper, the research methods applied in HN-AD studies, encompassing the techniques for isolation, screening of functional strains, as well as factors influencing nitrogen removal, were comprehensively reviewed. The application of modern omics technologies in elucidating HN-AD metabolic pathways was also discussed. Six key strategies for nitrogen removal enhancement were analyzed in detail: bacterial immobilization, co-cultivation of multiple strains, breeding of high-efficiency strains, regulation of intermediate metabolites, optimization of electron transfer, and quorum sensing interference. Furthermore, their underlying mechanisms for improving nitrogen removal efficiency was also systematically elucidated. Finally, the prospective research directions for HN-AD bacteria were put forward, aiming to provide valuable insights for translating this technology from laboratory research to engineering applications.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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