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The rapid startup and stable operation of the partial denitrification/anammox (PD/A) system remain challenges limiting their engineering application in wastewater nitrogen removal. This study investigates the startup process of a PD/A reactor, inoculated with an aerobic sludge biofilm, under conditions of low substrate concentrations (NH4+-N < 50mg/L, NO3--N < 30mg/L) and a C/N ratio of 2.86. After 100d of operation, the system successfully enriched both anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) and partial denitrification bacteria (PDB), achieving stable operation. By the end of Phase Ⅳ, the total nitrogen removal rate (Re. TN) and nitrogen removal rate (NRR) stabilized at(78.42±3.78)% and (2554.58±132.78)mgTN/(m2·d), respectively. The activity of PDB remained consistently higher than that of AnAOB, reaching stabilization levels of (6495.85±627.61) and (3093.15±43.91) mgN/(m2·d), respectively. High-throughput sequencing revealed significant enrichment of PDB (Thauera, Denitratisoma) and AnAOB (Ca. Brocadia, Ca. Jettenia), with their relative abundances being 5.33%, 8.32%, 13.57%, and 0.29%, respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis indicated that AnAOB predominantly colonized the outer layer of the biofilm, suggesting a chemotactic migration behavior. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) analysis showed that operational conditions directly influenced microbial community succession, which, in turn, indirectly affected the nitrogen removal performance of the system. This study offers valuable theoretical insights and engineering references for the rapid startup and stable operation of PD/A systems.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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