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To understand the recent trends in ozone (O3) pollution and the contribution of regional background in the Huai River Basin (HRB), this study utilized the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) dataset (2014~2024) and ERA5_Land meteorological reanalysis data. Principal component analysis (PCA) and the regional background estimation method proposed by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) were employed to calculate the contribution rate of regional background O3 (O3 concentration without precursor emissions) in the HRB. Additionally, the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were applied to explore the influence of meteorological factors on regional background O3.The results indicate that from 2014 to 2024, the daily maximum 8-hour average (O3-8h) concentration in the HRB increased at a rate of 2.87μg/m3 per year. The regional background O3 estimated by PCA and TCEQ exhibited a strong correlation (R2 = 0.89, P< 0.01), though PCA-derived values were slightly higher, with significantly reduced differences during warm seasons. The estimated average contribution of regional background to O3-8h in the HRB was 85.8%, with contributions ranging from 71.1% to 86.0% in four key cities (Zhengzhou, Hefei, Qingdao, and Xuzhou). Over the study period, the regional background contribution rate increased by an average of 11.5%, suggesting that enhanced regional transport is a major factor driving elevated surface O3 levels.Regional background O3 was influenced nonlinearly by multiple meteorological factors. The dominant factors were surface downward solar radiation in spring and autumn, 2-meter temperature in summer, and a combination of 2-meter temperature and surface downward solar radiation in winter. Overall, high humidity, strong downward surface thermal radiation, high pressure, and strong westerly/northerly winds suppressed regional background O3 concentrations in the HRB.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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