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Outline
Low desalination rates and water production efficiency are key factors limiting the commercial application of freeze desalination (FD) technology. To investigate the effect of refrigeration temperature on freshwater production efficiency in freeze-gravity desalination (GD) technology, experiments were conducted with three refrigeration temperatures and two melting methods to study salt distribution patterns during freezing and melting. Results indicate that during freezing, salt concentration in ice crystals increases with decreasing the refrigeration temperature, yet the minimum desalination rate remains around 40%. During GD melting, total dissolved solids (TDS) in meltwater exhibit exponential decay increasing meltwater volume. A hypothesis for gravity-driven desalination of mixed ice meltwater was proposed. It was found that when TDS value of the mixed ice meltwater equaled the target (1000mg/L), the water production (WP2) and water production rate (WPR2) were significantly higher than those (WP1 and WPR1) when the instantaneous TDS value of ice meltwater was below 1000mg/L, with the water production rate increasing by over 21%. When combining FD and GD technologies for desalination and collecting meltwater using the method proposed in the mixed meltwaterhypothesis, the freshwater production efficiency (FP) significantly increases with decreasing refrigeration temperature. This resolves the conflict between the limitation of desalination rate during the freezing process imposed by regrigeration temperature and the users' demand for faster ice production efficiency (IP).
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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