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Outline
To accurately predict the migration process of acidic minedrainage (AMD) in fractured media and its discharge intensity into the surface environment, an novel simulation technique based on the Upscaled Discrete Fracture-Matrix (UDFM) method is proposedinthisstudy, which involves locally refining the fracture structure and mapping it onto an equivalent continuum model. Building upon this approach, we construct a series of numerical casesfor AMD reactive transport in carbonate fracture networks. By integrating AMD discharge flux analysis with Damkohler number(DaI), we quantitatively elucidate the influence of key fracture parameters (fracture direction, fracture density P32) on AMD migration patterns and meticulously characterize the hydrogeochemical interactions and their dynamic evolution between fractures and the rock matrix. The simulation results demonstrate that: The higher the fracture density and the smaller the fracture angle (i.e., direction concentrating)correlate with the faster AMD migration rates and increased discharge intensity; conductive fractures dominates preferential flow under high-density conditions, AMD diffuses through the matrix into adjacent non-conductive fractures near preferential pathways, triggering a transition from reaction-dominated (highDaI) to advection-dominated (lowDaI) regimes within these fractures. Connectivity to the downstream boundary subsequently amplifies AMD discharge; lower fracture density and greater orientation alignment result in a higher proportion of reaction- dominated simulation units after system stabilization, indicating larger zones of incomplete neutralization.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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