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Outline
The phosphorus recovery efficiency through calcium phosphate (Ca-P) crystallization in wastewater demonstrates significant susceptibility to carbonate alkalinity (CO32-), a predominant coexisting impurity in wastewater. To elucidate the influence of CO32- alkalinity on phosphorus recovery of Ca-P crystallization, the variation of pH, conductivity, alkalinity, and Ca morphology in Ca-P crystalline systems with difference CO32- alkalinity levels were systematically analyzed by integrated potentiometric titration and jar testing. Meanwhile, the influence mechanism of CO32- alkalinity was explored based on the kinetics of phosphorus recovery and XRD results of crystallization products. The results indicate that, provided crystallization reaction time long enough, phosphorus recovery efficiency was less affected by CO32- alkalinity, but mainly determined by the thermodynamic properties of Ca-P crystallization product itself. Under extended reaction durations (7200s), phosphorus recovery efficiencies stabilized at around 40% across all experimental and control groups. CO32- alkalinity changed the kinetics of Ca-P crystallization. CO32- alkalinity with low level promoted Ca-P crystallization by providing alkalinity, compared to delay of Ca-P crystallization by consuming free Ca2+ through calcium carbonate (Ca-C) crystallization while at high level. Driven by thermodynamic properties, Ca-C ion clusters and crystals would dissolve and release free Ca for continuous crystallization of Ca-P. The research results provide a direct theoretical basis for eliminating the influence of CO32- alkalinity on the phosphorus recovery efficiency of Ca-P crystalline from wastewater.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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