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Outline
Scientifically predicting the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services under multiple scenarios provides an important basis for the sustainable development of Chinese urban agglomerations. Based on multi-source datasets for 2001, 2010 and 2020, the study employed the PLUS-InVEST modelling framework together with trade-offs and synergies measurement methods to analyze land use change, characterize the spatiotemporal features of ecosystem services, and assess their trade-offs and synergies relationships in Chinese urban agglomerations for 2000, 2010, 2020, and scenarios in 2030. The results showed that between 2000 and 2020, the areas of cropland, forest land, grassland, unused land within Chinese urban agglomerations declined continuously, decreasing by 6.30×104km2、7.49×103km2、2.88×104km2、1.09×104km2, respectively. Scenario simulations indicated that the ecological protection scenario effectively curbed these degradation trends. Overall, the ecosystem service levels of urban agglomerations in southern China were higher than those in the north, and the ecological protection scenario yielded higher levels than the other scenarios. Synergistic relationships consistently existed between ecosystem services in urban agglomerations. The findings contributed to enhancing the effectiveness of ecosystem services in Chinese urban agglomerations and provided support for formulating management measures and policy interventions.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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