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This study employed H2S in an ethanol-phase as a sulfidation reagent to synthesize sulfidated nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI-H2S-Ethanol) through a liquid-phase chemical reduction approach. A systematic investigation was conducted to examine the effects of sulfidation time duration on the material's surface characteristics, electrochemical properties, hydrogen suppression capability, and dechlorination performance. The results revealed that prolonged sulfidation treatment led to the formation of flake-like iron-sulfur compounds(FeSx) on the particle surfaces, accompanied by a significant increase in specific surface area. XPS analysis demonstrated a non-monotonic relationship between sulfidation time and surface composition: Fe-S content initially increased before decreasing, while Fe-O content exhibited the inverse trend. Electrochemical characterization indentified the S-nZVI-H2S-Ethanol(S12h) exhibited optimal performance, with the lowest charge transfer impedance and the lowest corrosion potential (-0.923V), suggesting enhanced electron transfer efficiency and reductive capacity. Hydrogen evolution experiments confirmed that sulfidation effectively suppressed the hydrogen evolution reaction, with the hydrogen generation rate decreasing initially before stabilizing with extended treatment time. In TCE dechlorination experiments, both nZVI and S-nZVI-H2S-Ethanol followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, demonstrating markedly higher apparent rate constants (kb: 1.4/h, 0.81/h, and 0.48/h for S2h, S12h, and S24h, respectively) compared to pristine nZVI (0.025/h). The degradation product distribution of trichloroethylene revealed that the degradation pathways were governed by competing β-elimination and hydrogenation reactions, yielding primarily acetylene, ethylene, ethane, and long-chain hydrocarbons (C3-C6). These results collectively demonstrated that ethanol-phase H2S sulfidation significantly enhances nZVI's degradation performance. The comprehensive examination of S-nZVI-H2S-Ethanol's surface properties and dechlorination efficiency across varying sulfidation durations provides crucial insights for optimizing material design in environmental remediation applications.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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