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In this study, the earthworm Eisenia fetida was exposed to soils contaminated with polylactic acid microplastics (PLA MPs, 0.5% w/w) and arsenite (As(Ⅲ), 40 or 100mg/kg) under single and co-exposure scenarios for 28 days. The responses of six selected biomarkers and the bioaccumulation levels of the two pollutants in earthworms were analyzed to evaluate the joint toxic effects and underlying mechanisms of PLA MPs and As(Ⅲ). Bioaccumulation results indicated that the bioaccumulation of As(Ⅲ) in co-exposure groups decreased by an average of 34.2% compared to the single As(Ⅲ) exposure groups. Biomarker analysis revealed significant oxidative stress responses in earthworms, which intensified with increasing exposure concentration and duration. The Integrated Biomarker Response index (IBR) was used to quantify the integrated toxic effects of multiple biomarkers, showing a significant dose-effect relationship in both single and co-exposure groups. Notably, the IBR values in co-exposure groups were reduced by an average of 28.8% compared to those in single As(Ⅲ) exposure groups. Joint toxicity evaluation indicated antagonistic interactions between PLA MPs and As(Ⅲ) at both arsenic exposure levels. These findings systematically elucidate the toxicological effects and potential mechanisms of PLA MPs and As co-contamination in earthworms, providing scientific evidence for ecological risk assessment of such combined toxicity.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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