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Outline
To investigate the fungal community structure, diversity, and influencing factors in three habitats (surface water, sediment, and riparian soil) of the Qingshui River in Ningxia, 22 sampling sites were established along the river in 2022. Sampling was conducted during the three hydrological periods: the normal period (May), the wet season (July), and the dry season (December). High-throughput sequencing technology was employed in conjunction with environmental factor measurements and multivariate statistical analyses. The results showed that the α-diversity of fungi in surface water was lower than that in sediment. However, the community structure in surface water was more sensitive to hydrological periods. In contrast, the fungal communities in sediment and riparian soil showed higher similarity. The dominant phyla were Chytridiomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota, and Fungi_gen_Incertae_sedis and Fusarium were identified as the key dominant genera. Water temperature (WT), pH value, bicarbonate (HCO3-) and calcium (Ca2+) in surface water, pH value, conductivity (EC), available potassium (AK), total phosphorus (TP) in sediments, pH value, total dissolved solids (TDS), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) in interstitial water, water-soluble fluorine (Ws-F), exchangeable calcium (Ex-Ca), total nitrogen (TN), TP in riparian soil had significant effects on fungal community. The changes of fungal indicator groups reflected the environmental characteristics of different hydrological periods: the accumulation of agricultural non-point source pollution in the normal period, the migration of organic pollutants in the wet season, and the accumulation of refractory organics and high saline-alkali environment in the dry season.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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