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Outline
Aiming at the characteristics of complex sources and scattered emissions of antibiotics, a method for estimating antibiotic emissions was established. Based on the population and the number of livestock and poultry in the basin, the antibiotic emissions in different regions were obtained by combining the consumption coefficients of different organisms and the sewage treatment rate. Using the emission loads as the input data, the semi-distributed hydrological model-SWAT model was established to simulate the ciprofloxacin (CFX) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) in the middle and upper reaches of the Huaihe River. The results showed that the livestock breeding scale, regional population, sewage treatment capacity and large-scale management measures are the main influencing factors of antibiotic emissions in each city. The results of model validation showed that the simulated concentrations of CFX and SMZ are basically in the same order of magnitude as the monitoring values, with the good accuracy. In summer, the concentrations of CFX in the main channels of Huaihe River were almost all lower than 7.26ng/L. And in winter, the concentrations of CFX in the main channels of Huaihe River almost all were lower than 190.3ng/L. In summer, the concentrations of SMZ in the main channels of Huaihe River almost all were lower than 8.7ng/L, while in winter, the concentrations of SMZ in the main channels of Huaihe River almost all were lower than 38.11ng/L.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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