Full
Outline
The primary parent material of tropical coral islands was coral sand, which was characterized by significant deficiencies in nitrogen retention capacity, particularly in terms of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) immobilization efficiency. This limitation was not only jeopardizes the sustainability of freshwater resources on these islands but also compromises the stability of coastal ecosystems. To promote the synergistic development of island-marine ecosystems, this study selected biochar (C), iron-modified biochar (FeC), and magnesium-modified biochar (MgC) were selected as soil amendments. These were combined with the native pioneer plant Ipomoea pes-caprae (P) to establish a collaborative remediation system. Experimental results demonstrated that MgC exhibited optimal NO3--N adsorption performance when applied individually, with its adsorption capacity and surface area-based adsorption capacity (SAC) exceeding those of FeC and C by 12.3%~28.6%. However, in plant-combined systems, a more sustained synergistic effect was demonstrated by the FeC-P combination, which maintained over 85% NO3--N retention rate throughout the experimental period. In contrast, performance decline was exhibited by the MgC-P system in later stages. Specifically, an 88.7% retention rate was achieved by the FeC-P group on day 40, which was 1.96-fold of the A-P group, 1.17-fold of the C-P group and 1.10-fold of the MgC-P group, respectively. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the electrical conductivity of coral sand was significantly increased by FeC (33.7%), and the proliferation of Patescibacteria was promoted (a 1.8-fold increase in relative abundance was observed), thereby strengthening the system's nitrogen transformation function. This physicochemical-biological synergistic optimization mechanism facilitated beneficial interactions between FeC and Ipomoea pes-caprae. Ultimately, a sustained enhancement of nitrogen retention capacity in coral sand was achieved. A novel technical pathway for the ecological restoration of coral islands was provided by the research outcomes.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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